Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
Is it now necessary to refer to the venous branches this
sensibility that has been attributed to the ultimate ramifications
of the lymphatics? But this sensibility, as we have already said,
would be constantly in error; the absorbent vessel does not select
one fluid in preference to another; all are indiscriminately
absorbed, even the most irritating, those in fact whose action is
sufficiently powerful to destroy the vascular parietes. Besides,
the phenomenon then continues, when it is no longer possible to
suppose the existence of this sensibility. After death even, the
venous branches absorb still as they do during life, if they are
placed in analogous circumstances; and to do this it is evident,
that an internal current must be established, which resembles the
course of the blood. I shall now relate an experiment, which I made
on this subject, and which I selected from many others, because it
appeared to me to be very conclusive.
I took the heart of a dog that had died the day before; I injected
into one of the coronary arteries some water of the temperature
of 30 degrees of the centigrade thermometer. This water returned
easily by the coronary vein to the right auricle, whence it flowed
into a vessel or dish. I poured half an ounce of slightly acid
water into the pericardium. At first the injected water exhibited
no sign of acidity; but in five or six minutes it presented
unequivocal marks of it.
Absorption then can take place without the assistance of this
sensibility, as well as of this insensible organic mobility, which
is supposed to be in the ultimate vascular extremities, in the
absorbing mouths, as they are called. But do these mouths really
exist? Do the last capillary branches terminate abruptly with a
large opening on the surface of the membranes or in the texture of
the organs? Can the absorbed fluids pass through their parietes as
oxygen does in the lungs to arrive at the blood which it modifies?
We are unable to make experiments on these small vessels, that
are not cognizable by our senses; let us make them on the large
ones, and if they permit fluids, in which they are immersed, to
pass through them, for a stronger reason we may suppose that it
takes place in the capillaries, whose parietes are so much more
delicate and consequently more permeable. Now we have confirmed by
experiments what we had suspected; the first attempts were made on
dead vessels.
I took a portion of the external jugular vein of a dog; I stripped
it of the surrounding cellular texture; I attached to each of its
extremities a glass tube by means of which I established a current
of warm water through its interior; I then immersed the vein into a
liquor slightly acid.
It is seen by the arrangement of the apparatus that there could not
be any communication between the internal current of warm water and
the external acid liquor.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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