Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
The consequences that may be deduced from the experiments I have
just related will acquire new force, if we connect with these facts
a multitude of pathological ones, which are every day seen; such as
the cure of dropsies, engorgements and inflammations by bleeding;
the evident want of action of medicines at the moment of a violent
fever, when the vascular system is powerfully distended; the
practice of certain physicians who purge and bleed their patients
before administering active medicines to them; the employment of
cinchona at the period of remission for the cure of intermittent
fevers; general or partial oedema from organic disease of the heart
or lungs, and the application of a ligature upon the extremities
after a puncture or a bite of a venomous animal, to prevent the
deleterious effects which are the consequence of it.
On the whole, I think, it may be concluded from the preceding
experiments that the capillary attraction of the small vessels is
one of the principal causes of the absorption called venous. If the
lymphatics do not appear to enjoy in the same manner the faculty of
absorption, it probably arises not from the nature of the parietes,
the physical properties of which are nearly the same as those of
the veins, but from the want of a continuous current in their
interior.
In this note I have brought together the absorption of the gases
and that of fluids. This resemblance holds only as it relates to
the permeability of the textures by these two orders of bodies. As
to the cause of the absorption of the two, it cannot be the same,
since gases are not subjected to capillary attraction.[28]
[28] _Note by the Translator of Magendie’s Additions._--In the
preceding note M. Magendie has not done justice to Mr. Hunter.
Without entering at all into the examination of the question,
whether absorption is performed by the lymphatics or the veins,
it is due to Mr. Hunter to contradict the assertion, that “he
overthrew the ancient theory by _five experiments only_.” He was
not a man who adopted his opinions loosely or on slight grounds,
and in the present case he performed between twenty and thirty
judicious and satisfactory experiments, in the presence of several
physicians and surgeons. It is true that these were performed on
five different animals only, but if the result were uniform, this
number was as good as five thousand or any other one that could be
named.
G. H.
(See Hunter’s Commentaries and Cruikshank on the Absorbents.)
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