2. What are the parts common to all glands? What purpose is served by each of these parts? 3. How do tubular glands differ in structure from saccular glands? What is a racemose gland? Why so called? 4. Describe the nature of the secretory process. 5. What conditions render necessary the formation of waste materials in the body? Why must these be removed? 6. How do the waste materials get from the cells to the organs of excretion? 7. Show by a drawing the connections of the kidneys with the large blood vessels and the bladder. Name parts of drawing. 8. In what do the uriniferous tubes have their beginning? In what do they terminate? With what are they lined? 9. Why should the blood pass through two sets of capillaries in the kidneys? 10. Bright’s disease of the kidneys affects the uriniferous tubes and interferes with their work. What impurity is then left in the blood? 11. Trace water and salts from the Malpighian capsules to the bladder, naming parts through which they pass. 12. Trace carbon dioxide from the cells to the outside atmosphere. 13. How does the quantity of material introduced into the body compare with that which is removed by the organs of excretion? 14. Name two ways of lessening the work of the kidneys. 15. Why is the drinking of plenty of pure water a healthful practice? PRACTICAL WORK *To suggest the Double Work of Glands.*—Prepare a simple filter by fitting a piece of porous paper into a glass funnel. Through this pass pure water and also water having salt dissolved in it and containing some sediment, as sand. The water and the dissolved salt pass through, while the sediment remains on the filter. Now substitute a fresh piece of paper in the funnel and drop on its surface a little solid coloring matter, such as cochineal. Again pass the liquid through the funnel. This time it comes through colored, the color being added by the filter. Compare the filter and materials filtered to the gland and the materials concerned in secretion (blood, the liquid secreted, substances added by the gland, etc.). [Fig. 92] Fig. 92—*The physiological scheme.* Diagram suggesting the essential relation of the bodily activities. See Summary of Part I, page 215, and Summary of Part II, page 413. SUMMARY OF PART I