*How Germs are Spread.*—Some of the more common methods by which the germs of disease are spread, and by so doing find new victims, are as follows: 1. _By Means of Foods._—Foods, on account of the locality in which they are produced or the method of gathering or of handling-them, may become contaminated with germs, which are then transported with the foods to the consumer. 2. _By Means of Dust._—Material containing germs, _e.g._, discharges from the throat and lungs, will on drying form dust. This is lifted with other fine particles by the air and may be carried quite a distance. The dust from public halls and other places where people congregate is the kind most likely to contain disease germs. Dust should be breathed as little as possible and only through the nostrils. Where one is compelled, as in sweeping, to breathe dust-laden air for some time, he should inhale through a moistened sponge, or cloth, tied in front of the nostrils. 3. _By Means of Domestic Pets and Different Kinds of Household Vermin._—Germs sticking to the bodies of small animals are carried about and may be easily communicated to people. By this means, rats, mice, bedbugs, etc., where such exist, are frequently the means of spreading disease; and particularly dangerous, on this account, is the common house fly. Feeding as it does on filth of all kinds, it is easy for it to transfer the bacteria that may stick to its body to the food which is supplied to the table. The proper screening of houses and the destruction of material in which flies may develop, such as the refuse from stables, are necessary precautions. Germs are spread also by the clothing of people, by railroad and steamship lines, by the mails, and by the natural elements. In fact, any kind of carrier, in or upon which germs can live, may serve as a means of spreading those of certain kinds. *Public Sanitation.*—The general conditions under which germs may thrive and some of the means by which they are scattered, emphasize the practical value of measures which have for their purpose the making of one’s surroundings more wholesome and hygienic. Such measures may be directed both toward one’s immediate surroundings—the home—and toward the neighborhood, town, or city in which one lives. The hygienic conditions of primary importance in every city or town are as follows: 1. An adequate public supply of pure water. 2. An efficient system of underground pipes for the removal of sewage. 3. An efficient system for removing from the streets and alleys everything of the nature of waste. 4. Prevention, by enforcement of ordinances, of spitting upon sidewalks and the floors of public halls and conveyances. 5. A hospital or sanitarium in which people can be cared for when sick with infectious diseases.