Physiology: The Science of the BodyMartin, Ernest G.
Science
Physiology: The Science of the Body
Martin, Ernest G.
Physiology
other words to see how the memories that are registered in the brain act
upon the outgoing pathways. We shall expect to find connecting nerve
cells reaching across from the various arrival platforms to the motor
area, and such connecting cells exist, but they are not simple and
direct connections for a reason which we shall now try to make clear.
We all know from our own experience that our memories are never the pure
registering of a single sense. What we mean is that the sight of
something by itself or the sound of something by itself never remains as
a separate memory, but is always worked in with some other memories from
some of the other sense organs. This putting together of the simple
sensory memories began in earliest childhood, long before we were old
enough to think about our mental processes, and see how they are carried
on, so that unless our attention has been called to it, we have probably
failed to realize how complicated our simplest memories are. A good
example of this is in the experience of a baby with its mother’s voice.
So far as the baby is concerned, the voice is an influence affecting the
organ of hearing, arousing nervous disturbances which pass to the
arrival platform for hearing in the brain and are registered there as
memories, but it does not take the infant long to learn that some other
memories that have come to it by way of other sense organs belong with
this particular memory and always go with it. For example there is the
sight of the mother, or the feel of the mother’s face and hands, all
these are influences affecting different sense organs and registering in
the child’s brain in different arrival platforms. Yet within his brain
they become fused into a single composite memory of the mother, and
after this fusion has once occurred, the arousing of any part of the
memory brings up the whole of it, so that the child may hear the
mother’s voice from the next room, but the memory that will be aroused
as the result will be not simply of the voice but of the mother as a
whole. This is an illustration of how our pure sense memories are fused
into complex memories. After one of these memory complexes is once
started, we add to it any time any sense organ is acted upon by anything
that has relationship to the complex. For example, the child’s idea of
the mother at first is a very simple one made up of a few sensory
impressions, but as time goes on and more and more sensory impressions
of the mother are received, the child’s idea of her becomes more and
more complex. This process of memory fusion is called association or
sometimes association of ideas. Strictly it is an association of
memories and this is the method by which all our mental activities are
carried on. The thought process consists of putting together various
memories in various ways and so building up associations of different
kinds. Of course adults of wide experience can form associations which
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