4. Was she eminently skilled in the art of pleasing? 5. Was not Antony lavish in his favours to her? 6. What was the consequence of this folly? 7. By what means did he seek a quarrel? 8. How was this measure approved by Antony and Cleopatra? 9. What imprudent resolutions did he adopt? 10. Did he do this publicly? 11. What farther favours did he bestow on her? 12. Did Augustus immediately commence hostilities? 13. What complaints did Antony make of Augustus? 14. Did Augustus notice these accusations? 15. What effect had his reply on Antony? 16. Were these military preparations formidable? 17. What advantages did Antony offer Augustus? 18. What was the respective strength of the armies? 19. Describe the preparations for this great conflict? 20. Was the engagement well contested? 21. What extraordinary circumstance decided its fate? 22. Did he reproach Cleopatra for her timidity? 23. Had Antony any resources left? 24. How did he receive this news? 25. How did Cleopatra act in this exigence? 26. What was this project? 27. Was it put in execution? 28. How did she attempt this, and with what views? 29. What farther hopes had she of favour? 30. What proposals did she make, and how were they received? 31. Was Antony aware of these negociations? 32. Did he persist in thus secluding himself? SECTION VIII. O sun, thy uprise I shall see no more: Fortune and Antony part here.--_Shakspeare_. 1. Augustus advanced with another army against Pellu'sium,[20] which, by its strong situation, might have retarded his progress for some time. But the governor of the city, either wanting courage to defend it, or previously instructed by Cleopa'tra to give it up, permitted him to take possession; so that Augus'tus had now no obstacle in his way to Alexan'dria, whither he marched with all expedition. 2. Antony, upon his arrival, sallied out to oppose him, fighting with desperation, and putting the enemy's cavalry to flight. 3. This slight advantage once more revived his declining hopes; and, being naturally vain, he re-entered Alexan'dria in triumph. Then going, armed as he was, to the palace, and embracing Cleopa'tra, he presented to her a soldier who had distinguished himself in the engagement. 4. The queen rewarded him very magnificently, presenting him with a helmet and breastplate of gold. With these, however, the soldier deserted in the night to the other army, prudently resolving to secure his riches by keeping on the strongest side. 5. Antony, not able to bear this defection without fresh indignation, resolved to make a bold expiring effort by sea and land; but previously offered to fight his adversary in single combat. Augus'tus, however, too well knew the inequality of their situations to comply with this forlorn proposal; he, therefore, coolly replied, "Antony has ways enough to die besides in single combat."