It has been suggested that those stones which actually fall are not the
true cosmic wanderers, but are merely fragments of our own earth, cast
up by powerful volcanoes long ago when the igneous power of the earth
was more vigorous than now--cast up with a speed of close upon seven
miles a second; and now in these quiet times gradually being swept up by
the earth, and so returning whence they came.
I confess I am unable to draw a clear distinction between one set and
the other. Some falling stars may have had an origin of this sort, but
certainly others have not; and it would seem very unlikely that one set
only should fall bodily upon the earth, while the others should always
be rubbed to powder. Still, it is a possibility to be borne in mind.
We have spoken of these cosmic visitors as wandering masses of stone or
iron; but we should be wrong if we associated with the term "wandering"
any ideas of lawlessness and irregularity of path. These small lumps of
matter are as obedient to the law of gravity as any large ones can be.
They must all, therefore, have definite orbits, and these orbits will
have reference to the main attracting power of our system--they will, in
fact, be nearly all careering round the sun.
Each planet may, in truth, have a certain following of its own. Within
the limited sphere of the earth's predominant attraction, for instance,
extending some way beyond the moon, we may have a number of satellites
that we never see, all revolving regularly in elliptic orbits round the
earth. But, comparatively speaking, these satellite meteorites are few.
The great bulk of them will be of a planetary character--they will be
attendant upon the sun.
It may seem strange that such minute bodies should have regular orbits
and obey Kepler's laws, but they must. All three laws must be as
rigorously obeyed by them as by the planets themselves. There is nothing
in the smallness of a particle to excuse it from implicit obedience to
law. The only consequence of their smallness is their inability to
perturb others. They cannot appreciably perturb either the planets they
approach or each other. The attracting power of a lump one million tons
in weight is very minute. A pound, on the surface of such a body of the
same density as the earth, would be only pulled to it with a force equal
to that with which the earth pulls a grain. So the perturbing power of
such a mass on distant bodies is imperceptible. It is a good thing it is
so: accurate astronomy would be impossible if we had to take into
account the perturbations caused by a crowd of invisible bodies.
Astronomy would then approach in complexity some of the problems of
physics.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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