Dunlap (James) & Co., 155 “Dutch,” 43, 44 _Echo, The_, 197–198 Education, in early days, 3–4; schools established, 14; higher, 17 Eichbaum, William, 40, 41, 79 Eichbaum, William, Jr., 188–189 Emigration westward, through Pittsburgh, 6–8, 29, 175, 179 Emmert, Mrs. Joseph, 206 Emmett, Samuel, 30, 80 English language, 38, 40 English-speaking population, 38, 40 Episcopalians, 93, 94 Ewalt, Samuel, 41, 96, 104, 130 Farmers’ dress, 66 Federal party, opposition to, 52–53, 54; supporters of, 62, 76, 131–132; emblem of, 74–76; in the House of Representatives, 165 Ferree, Thomas, 13, 157–158 Ferries, over Monongahela River, 29, 42; over Allegheny River, 30; and taverns, 80 Food, 63, 64 Forman, Major Thomas S., 35 Fort Fayette, 33 Fort Pitt, 9, 10, 31, 33 Fort Stanwix, 8 Forward, Walter, 141–142 Fowler, General Alexander, commander of militia, 74; republican, 75; left Republican party, 127; controversy with Gazzam, 128–130 Francis, Tench, 5 Freemasons, first lodge in Western country, 11; start temperance movement, 95–96; _See also_ Lodge, 45 French, 38; emigration of, 51–52 French influence, 46, 51, 65, 199 French language, 39 French radicalism, influence of, 53 Freneau, Philip, 26 “Friends of the People,” 140 Fulton & Baird, 121, 130 Gallatin, Albert, 57, 162; glass factory, 32, 122; political honors, 46–47, 125; at Marie’s tavern, 49; on Western Pennsylvania, 52; candidate for Congress, 55 Gallitzen, Demetrius Augustine, 94 Gazzam, William, 121; controversy with Fowler, 128–130 German church, organized, 10; conducts schools, 14, 186; treasurer, 42; followers, 40, 45 German language, 39, 40, 45, 186 _German Farmers’ Register, The_, newspaper, 45 Germans, 38; organize church, 10; second in numbers to English, 40; confused with the Dutch, 43, 44; social intercourse, 45; establish newspaper, 45; and religion, 83 Gilkison, John C., bookseller, 27, 163; prothonotary, 59, 163; starts library, 168 Glass factories, 32, 92 Grant’s Hill, pleasure ground, 49, 70–71, 77 “Grant’s Hill,” tavern, 49, 50 Gregg’s (Isaac) Ferry, 30 Hall, Joseph, 14 Hamilton, report on manufactures, 91 Hamsher, John, 40, 41, 155 Hancock, Richard, 122, 125 Hannastown, 2; attacked by British and Indians, 11, 43, 58 Harmar, General Josiah, 151 Harris, Joseph, 157 Harris, Rev. Thaddeus Mason, 181 “Hartford Wits,” 197 Haymaker, Jacob, 40, 42, 126 Henderson, Rev. Matthew, 57 Henderson, Robert, 30, 80 _Herald of Liberty_, newspaper,62 Herd, William, 121 Herron, Rev. Francis, 83–84 Hilliard, Elizabeth Bausman, 125–126 Hilliard, James, 125, 126 Horse racing, 72–73; condemned, 203–204 Houses, construction, 31 ff., 101; numbered, 33; comforts in, 63