needs of the growing city, 80; adequate circulation and sufficient park area essential, 80; cost of postponing improvements in circulation system, 81; report on street paving, 83; existing diagonals, 84; location of the city, 89; advantages of rectilinear street system, 89; circular avenues, 90; necessity for platting outlying district, 91; preserving width of existing avenues, 92; circuit arteries suggested, 92; avenues paralleling railways, 94; diversion of traffic from the business center, 95; proposed circuits, 95-96; encroachments on the river, 97; treatment of river banks, 97, 112; widening of streets, 97; requisites for area outside the business center, 98; the heart of Chicago, 99; spread of population, 99; disposition of traffic within the business center, 99; Michigan Avenue the base line of the city, 100; width of streets, 100; bridge at Michigan Avenue, 105; expenditures for permanent improvements, 107; the improvement of Halsted Street, 107; slums of the city, 108; Berlin an example for housing conditions, 109; opportunity for comprehensive treatment of the central portion of the city, 110; development of Grant Park, 110; economy and effectiveness of group-plan for Grant Park, 111; a yacht harbor, 111; gifts by citizens should be encouraged, 112; Congress Street as the grand axis, 113; reasons for choice of Congress Street for grand axis, 113, 114; the civic center, 115; buildings composing civic center, 115, 116; dome of civic center, 116, 118; Federal group of buildings, 117; increase in real estate values, 119; raising street levels, 120; creation of the park system, 120; purification of Lake Michigan, 120; cost of World’s Fair, 120; cultivation of the fine arts, 120; influence of the universities, 120; taxing powers, 153. City-planning, begins in Paris, 13; in Europe, 19; French and German theories, 20. Civic Center of Chicago, buildings comprising, 115; location of, 115; architecture of, 117; dome of, 118; cost of, 123; power of park commissioners to acquire land for, 134. Civil Law, unifying force of, 31. Cleanliness, a necessity for the city, 82. Cleveland, Ohio, group-plan for, 27; cost of improvements in, 27. Club houses for the people, 44. Colbert, one of the Paris planners, 15, 20. Commerce, governing motive in location of cities, 9; beginning of in Europe, 13; expansion of, 19; makes art creations possible, 22. Commercial Club, undertakes plan of Chicago, 1; designs for Lake Front improvement presented to, 6; consolidates with Merchants’ Club, 7; carries on work for plan of Chicago, 7; meetings of, 7; discussion of good roads, 39 (note). Condemnation, limitations on the right of, 128; congested areas, power to open, 151.