New York, rapid growth of, 1; defenses of, 9; civic improvement in, 27; railway congestion at, 62; Riverside Drive, 116; Metropolitan Museum of Art, 109, 116; sudden expansion of, and waste of money in, 153. Newspapers of Chicago, 34. Nile, the, 10. Niles, 40. Noises, 74. North Western University, 51, 120. Norton, Prof. Charles Eliot, his characterization of Venice, 13. Nuisances, 141. O O’Day, Edward, editor of plan for San Francisco, 28 (note). Ohio River, 32. O’Meara, Dr. Barry E., his talks with Napoleon, 21. Ordinance of 1787, 31. Orient, rapid growth of cities in the, 1. Outer belt of parks, scheme for, 7; Commission for, 41, 52, 121; cost of, 123; legislation for, 130, 133. P Pacific Coast, commercial development of, 33. Palisades of the Hudson, commission for, 38. Palisades of the Potomac, 49. Palos, 56. Panama Canal, influence of on growth of Chicago, 33. Parks, economic effects of 51; character of, 54. Paris, first modern city, 14; has reached the highest state of civic development, 14; origin of, 14; growth the result of commerce, 14; plans of Louis XIV., 14; new portions of laid out in vacant places, 14, 23; congestion of population, 15; grows according to a well-considered plan, 15; improvements of Napoleon I., 15; a center of commerce, 17; first sidewalks in, 17; the quays, 17; commemorative monuments, 17; plans of Napoleon III., 17; transformations wrought by Haussmann, 17; grouping of railway stations, 18; compared with Chicago, 18; cost of Haussmann’s improvements, 19; civic pride, 19; amount of foreign money spent in, 19; Wren anticipates features of Paris plan, 21, 54; parks, 48, 54, 87, 90, 91, 94, 108; treatment of Seine, 116; influence of the Louvre, 116; commercial advantages of improvements, 124; condemnation of land in, 128. Paving, report of Commercial Club Committee on street paving in Chicago, 83. Peace, results of in Europe since 1872, 19. Pennsylvania Railroad, improvement of station buildings, 77. People, increased participation of in government, 1; determination to secure better conditions of life, 2. Pericles, character of his work, 11. Perkins, Dwight Heald, compiles report of the Special Park Commission, 44. Persia, 10. Peterson Woods, 54. Philadelphia, improvements in, 28; park system, 44. Philippine Islands, plans for summer capital in, 29. Pittsburg, railway congestion at, 62. Place de la Concorde, Paris, 15. Place de l’Etoile, Paris, 15. Place Vendôme, Paris, 15, 87. Plainfield, 40. Plan of the City, necessity for, 1; impossibility of perfection in, 2; real test of is in its application, 2; not an expense but a measure of economy, 4; insures orderly growth, 4.