In one case a horse ate ergoted hay: next day the left hind leg was
stiff, and moist with cold sweat; on the second day it was badly swollen
and gangrene of all the tissues became apparent, and after the skin of
the leg and a considerable part of the muscular tissue had sloughed off
the animal died on the third day. In other cases horses showed symptoms
twenty-four hours after eating ergoted hay: fatigue, indisposition to
work, cold sweat, particularly on the neck, paralysis of the tongue and
muscles concerned in swallowing, and then generalized paralysis, very
slow and deep respiration, subnormal temperature, normal pulse at first
and then weaker till scarcely distinguishable, death in six or eight
hours (Chesnut and Wilcox).
According to Pammel ergotism manifests itself among animals chiefly in
the chronic form, the poison being acquired in small amounts and
accumulation taking place slowly. Two distinct forms of the disease are
recognized, the spasmodic and gangrenous. “Symptoms referable to the
digestive tract, such as nausea, vomiting, colic, diarrhœa, or
constipation occur in both forms. Pregnant animals very frequently
abort.”
“In the spasmodic type of the disease, symptoms due to overstimulation
of the central nervous system appear. These are tonic contraction of the
flexor tendons of the limbs, anæsthesia of the extremities, muscular
trembling, general tetanic spasms, convulsions and delirium. Death
usually occurs from secondary causes.”
“Gangrenous ergotism is characterised by coldness and anæsthesia of the
extremities, followed ultimately by dry gangrene of these parts. The
effects of this dry gangrene are often very serious and amount to
sloughing of the feet, tips of the ears, tip of the tail, shedding of
the hair, teeth, etc. Death takes place from exhaustion.
“Acute poisoning is characterized by vomiting (in dogs), profuse
salivation, dilatation of the pupils, rapid breathing and frequent
pulse. The animal cries out, has convulsive twitchings, staggering gait,
paraplegia, intense thirst and coma, terminating in death.”
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