The oblique margins _C_, _B_, _C_ are thus brought together vertically and sutured in the median line. The mucous membrane is brought from within outward and stitched to the skin margin. The operation leaves two triangular wounds, which are to be healed by granulation. The result of the rotation and apposition of the flaps is shown in Fig. 230. [Illustration: FIG. 228. FIG. 229. FIG. 230. BUCHANAN METHOD.] =Syme Method.=—Syme removes the affected area in triangular fashion, and from the apex of the wounds carries two curved and sweeping incisions downward from the anterior chin and beneath, terminating at the angles of the jaw (see Fig. 231). These two large flaps are dissected from their attachment to the jaw and are slid upward until the sides of the triangular wound are raised to a horizontal line corresponding to the superior border of the lower lip, when the flaps are sutured vertically upon the anterior chin and to the triangular island of undisturbed tissue underneath the chin, as shown in Fig. 232. The advantage of this operation is that no secondary wounds are left to granulate, the whole healing by primary union. [Illustration: FIG. 231. FIG. 232. SYME METHOD.] =Blasius Method.=—The method of Blasius is very similar to the foregoing, except that this author does not carry his two curved incisions as far downward and backward (see Fig. 233). The two semilunar flaps are made from the tissue of the anterior chin and slid upward, and sutured in the median line and to the intermedian spur of undisturbed tissue, as in Fig. 234. [Illustration: FIG. 233. FIG. 234. BLASIUS METHOD.] =Bürow Method.=—Bürow, who favors the excisions of two triangles of healthy tissue in restoring an entire loss of the lower lip, proceeds by ablating the diseased area in triangular form. From the angles of the mouth he cuts two transverse incisions, upon which he outlines two triangles, as in Fig. 235. The tissue included in these triangles is removed entirely, an unnecessary loss and one unwarrantable, but he saves the mucosa of these excised portions with which he lines the upper margin of the newly formed lip. The freed lateral chin flaps he slides forward so that their oblique borders meet vertically in the median line, where they are sutured. The triangular wounds in the cheeks are by this sliding process obliterated, and their raw edges are sutured vertically, as shown in Fig. 236. [Illustration: FIG. 235. FIG. 236. BÜROW METHOD.] =Von Langenbeck Method.=—Von Langenbeck, contrary to the double-flap methods, uses only one flap, with a lateral pedicle from the anterior chin. After a semilunar excision of the diseased area, he cuts obliquely downward upon the anterior chin, then rounds his incision and continues it along, just above the margin of the chin, gradually cutting upward until its extremity is obliquely opposite to the angle of the mouth, as in Fig. 237.