=Bardenheuer Method.=—This author makes a transverse incision across the root of the nose, and two lateral incisions from either end of the first, carrying them downward and outward, as shown in Fig. 401. These incisions are made down to the bone. With a chisel the nasal bones are separated from their frontal and superior maxillary attachments, giving an arch of bone to the flap, which is brought downward and outward, the bone being dissected from the underlying mucosa. To facilitate the bringing down of this flap the anterior border of the cartilaginous septum must be divided if present. The flap thus made is attached only at the two points of skin at the inferior borders, the epidermal surface looking inward. The archlike mass of bone is gently bent backward at either side to practically reverse its convexity. The position of the flap is shown in Fig. 402. The raw surface of the flap above mentioned is now covered with a flap taken from the forehead in the form shown in the figures. The resultant nose is entirely lined with skin, and contains sufficient bone to support it. The objection is that there must necessarily be a large secondary wound in the forehead, which must be covered with Thiersch grafts. [Illustration: FIG. 401.—Shape of flap. FIG. 402.—Disposition of nasal flap. BARDENHEUER METHOD.] =Ollier Method.=—This author uses an inverted V incision, beginning on the forehead at a point about three centimeters above the superior margin of the eyebrows. The diverging incisions are carried down to a point just above the base of what remains of the old nose, where it remains attached. The shape of the flap thus made is shown in Fig. 403. [Illustration: FIG. 403.—OLLIER METHOD. First Step.] The flap is dissected up and made to contain the periosteum as far as the juncture of the frontal nasal bones. The skin over the right nasal bone is now dissected up, without, however, including the periosteum. The left nasal bone, still adherent to the skin, is removed with the chisel, beginning at the median line, then at its frontal attachment, and lastly along its union with the superior maxillary bone. On the right side what remained of the cartilaginous structure was divided so as to include it in the flap. This gave a large triangular flap, periosteo-cutaneous above, osteo-cutaneous below that, and ending in a chondro-cutaneous border, attached to the face by a double pedicle, as shown in Fig. 404. To give further support to this flap at the median line, Ollier divided the septum with the scissors in such a way as to form an antero-posterior cartilaginous flap attached by its lower base. The flap was brought downward in the same manner as in the method of Neumann and sutured into position, the parts involved assuming the position shown in Fig. 405, in which the lateral nasal surface is left uncovered to show the space occasioned by the removal of the nasal bone, and in dotted line the position that bone now occupies.