When the base of the nose at its juncture with the lip is too broad, the reversed procedure mentioned under correction of a broad lobule is to be employed. The diamond-shaped section is removed from the posterior rim of the nares as shown in Fig. 496. The tissues at either side are freed from their subcutaneous attachments so as to render them mobile. The mucosa and skin wounds are sutured as in Fig. 497. A retention splint or suture is to be employed to retain the parts as with the anterior lobule operation just described until healing has taken place. [Illustration: FIG. 496. FIG. 497. AUTHOR’S METHOD.] REDUCTION OF THICKNESS OF ALÆ When the alæ are thickened they add to the width of the nasal bone and cause more or less atresia of the nostrils. The cause may be due to superabundant connective tissue or a congenital enlargement of the lower lateral cartilage. To overcome this deformity the following operations may be followed: =Linhardt Method.=—This author excises an elliptical section of tissue from the inferior base of both nasal wings, as shown in Fig. 498. A similar procedure has heretofore been described in Fig. 485 in connection with correction of the lobule. The section removed includes as much of the cartilage as is necessary to thin out the wing of the nose and to overcome the atresia. The parts are sutured as shown in Fig. 499. [Illustration: FIG. 498. FIG. 499. LINHARDT METHOD.] =Dieffenbach Method.=—In this method cone-shaped section of skin and cartilage are removed from the wings of the nose, as shown in Fig. 500. If the septum is too wide, two or three of the same shaped sections are removed from it. The skin wounds are drawn together by suture, as shown in Fig. 501. [Illustration: FIG. 500. FIG. 501. DIEFFENBACH METHOD.] CORRECTION OF NASAL DEVIATION In this deformity the nose is bent or twisted to one side. The cause is usually traumatism, but may be congenital. The interior cartilaginous septum is usually found malformed on one or both sides. To correct the deviation, the redundant cartilaginous septum is cut or sawed away to clear both nares and the anterior nasal vestibule. After this has been done the nasal attachments are freed subcutaneously, until the nasal organ is freely movable from its attachment to the superior maxillary bones. The nose is now placed in the position desired, somewhat overdoing the correction, and is held in place by gauze packs in the nares or by Roberts’ spear-pointed pins thrust through the lateral skin of the nose at either side and through the septum, as shown in Fig. 339, p. 365. The use of the pins placed as shown allows of free drainage to the nares and gives little inconvenience to the patient. Plugs of gauze contract and harden, thus overcoming the object of their use and cause a disturbance of the wounds and pain when reapplied.