In this treatment the needles are made to puncture the skin at right angles to them to a depth corresponding to the papillary layer. These pigments lie above that, so that it is not necessary to include the derma. At each point of puncture a white spot will appear which soon turns red. In a day’s time a number of fine scabs, or a single scab, will form over the parts treated, which fall away in about five days eventually, leaving the parts paler than before, owing to a number of minute punctate scars. The amount of treatment given in each case varies with the extent of the lesion. If the result from the first sitting has not accomplished as much as desired, it can be repeated over and over until the parts assume a normal tint. There may be more or less bleeding following the treatment; this is easily checked by pressure. If the part worked on is quite large, dry aristol dressing should be used to avoid infection. The scab should not be picked off by the patient, but allowed to fall off. REMOVAL OF TATTOO MARKS The best method of removing such pigmentations of the skin is to remove them with the knife when possible, and to cover the wound by sliding flaps made by subcutaneous dissection at either side of the wound, as in the Celsus method. Some authorities advocate their re-tattooing with papoid solution, while others prefer caustic agents, with the object of destroying the pigmented area. These methods are not to be preferred, since they leave unsightly burn scars. Electrolytic needling may be tried and is quite successful when the marks are very small, but, as with gun-powder stains, they are best removed by punching, or cutting out, a little cone of skin containing the pigment. The secondary wounds thus made leave only very small punctate scars that are hardly noticeable. Of course a number of such removals would not be advisable. Where the pigmentation is very pale, recourse may be had to the peeling method, as will be later described. THE TREATMENT OF SCARS Not infrequently the cosmetic surgeon is called upon to remove or improve unsightly scars about the face, the result of injuries or burns and after the careless coaptation of such wounds. The scars vary in extent and degree, from a mere pit due to varicella or variola to the broad areas following the cicatrization of lupus and burns. Surgical scars vary also from a mere line to areas of greater or less extent, dependent upon the ablation of neoplasms or the granulation of wounds due to any cause. The treatment of scars depends upon their size and location. A mere linear scar may be reduced by electrolysis, the needle, negative pole, being introduced equidistantly, from one sixteenth to a quarter inch apart, with the hope of causing a breaking down electro-chemically of the scar itself and waiting for secondary cicatrization. In other words, making a scar within a scar.