Si _Unum non est_ (is the argument of the eighth), Cætera must nevertheless somehow still be Cætera: otherwise you could not talk about Cætera.[103] (This is an argument like that in Demonstration 6: What is talked about must exist, somehow.) But if Cætera can be named and talked about, they must be different from something,--and from something, which is also different from them. What can this Something be? Not certainly Unum: for Unum, by the Hypothesis, does not exist, and cannot therefore be the term of comparison. _Cætera_ therefore must be different among themselves and from each other. But they cannot be compared with each other by units: for Unum does not exist. They must therefore be compared with each other by heaps or multitudes: each of which will appear at first sight to be an unit, though it be not an unit in reality. There will be numbers of such heaps, each in appearance one, though not in reality:[104] numbers odd and even, great and little, in appearance: heaps appearing to be greater and less than each other, and equal to each other, though not being really so. Each of these heaps will appear to have a beginning, middle, and end, yet will not really have any such: for whenever you grasp any one of them in your thoughts, there will appear another beginning before the beginning,[105] another end after the end, another centre more centrical than the centre,--minima ever decreasing because you cannot reach any stable unit. Each will be a heap without any unity; looking like one, at a distance,--but when you come near, each a boundless and countless multitude. They will thus appear one and many, like and unlike, equal and unequal, at rest and moving, separate and coalescing: in short, invested with an indefinite number of opposite attributes.[106] [Footnote 103: Plato, Parmenid. p. 164 B. [Greek: A)/lla me/n pou dei= au)ta\ ei)=nai; ei) ga\r mêde\ a)/lla e)sti/n, ou)k a)\n peri\ tô=n a)/llôn le/goito.]] [Footnote 104: Plato, Parmenid. p. 164 D. [Greek: Ou)kou=n polloi\ o)/gkoi e)/santai, ei)=s e(/kastos phaino/menos, ô)\n de\ ou)/, ei)/per e(\n mê\ e)/stai. Ou(/tôs.]] [Footnote 105: Plato, Parmenid. p. 165 A. [Greek: O(/ti a)ei\ au)tô=n o(/tan ti/s ti la/bê| tê=| dianoi/a| ô(/s ti tou/tôn o(/n, pro/ te tê=s a)rchê=s a)/llê a)ei\ phai/netai a)rchê/, meta/ te tê\n teleutê\n e(te/ra u(poleipome/nê teleutê/, e(/n te tô=| me/sô| a)/lla mesai/tera tou= me/sou, smikro/tera de\ dia\ to\ mê\ du/nasthai e(no\s au)tô=n e(ka/stou lamba/nesthai, a)/te ou)k o)/ntos tou= e(no/s.]] [Footnote 106: Plato, Parmenid. p. 165 E. Compare p. 158 E. [Greek: toi=s a)/llois dê\ tou= e(no\s. . . . ê( de\ au)tô=n phu/sis kath' e(auta\ a)peiri/an (pa/resche).]] [Side-note: Demonstration VIII. is very subtle and Zenonian.]