yourself--that is, in the last result, _yourself_.[76] [Footnote 75: Professor Ferrier's Institutes of Metaphysic exhibit an excellent example of the advantages of setting forth explicitly the Counter-Proposition--that which an author intends to deny, as well as the Proposition which he intends to affirm and prove.] [Footnote 76: Aristotle says (Ethic. Nikomach. x. 1176, a. 15) [Greek: dokei= d' e)n a(/pasi toi=s toiou/tois _ei)=nai to\ phaino/menon tô=| spoudai/ô|_.] "That _is_, which _appears to be_ in the judgment of the wise or virtuous man." The ultimate appeal is thus acknowledged to be, not to an abstraction, but to some one or more individual persons whom Aristotle recognises as wise. _That_ is truth which this wise man declares to be truth. You cannot escape from the Relative by any twist of reasoning. What Platonic critics call "Der Gegensatz des Seins und des Scheins" (see Steinhart, Einleit. zum Theætêt. p. 37) is unattainable. All that is attainable is the antithesis between that which appears to one person, and that which appears to one or more others, choose them as you will: between that which appears at a first glance, or at a distance, or on careless inspection--and that which appears after close and multiplied observations and comparisons, after full discussion, &c. _Das Sein_ is that which appears to the person or persons whom we judge to be wise, under these latter favourable circumstances. Epiktetus, i. 28, 1. [Greek: Ti/ e)/stin ai)/tion tou= sugkatati/thesthai/ tini? To\ phai/nesthai o(/ti u(pa/rchei. Tô=| ou)=n phainome/nô| o(/ti ou)ch u(pa/rchei, sugkatati/thesthai ou)ch oi(=o/n te.]] [Side-note: Import of the Protagorean formula is best seen when we state explicitly the counter-proposition.] It is only when the Counter-Proposition to the Protagorean formula is explicitly brought out, that the full meaning of that formula can be discerned. If you deny it, the basis of all free discussion and scrutiny is withdrawn: philosophy, or what is properly called reasoned truth, disappears. In itself it says little. [Side-note: Unpopularity of the Protagorean formula--Most believers insist upon making themselves a measure for others, as well as for themselves. Appeal to Abstractions.]