[239] Cat. i. 1, 2; or, mere label in common. [240] Aristotle, Met. vii. 3, distinguished many different senses of Being; at least four principal ones: what it seems, or the universal, the kind, or the subject. The subject is that of which all the rest is an attribute, but which is not the attribute of anything. Being must be the first subject. In one sense this is matter; in another, form; and in the third place, the concretion of form and matter. [241] See ii. 4.6-16, for intelligible matter, and ii. 4.2-5 for sense-matter. [242] Arist., Met. vii. 3. [243] Arist., Cat. 2.5.25. [244] Arist., Cat. ii. 5.15. [245] Arist., Met. vii. 1; Cat. ii. 5. [246] Categ. ii. 5.1, 2. [247] Cat. ii. 5.16, 17. [248] Cat. ii. 6.1, 2. [249] Met. v. 13. [250] Met. xiii. 6. [251] Met. xiii. 3. [252] Categ. ii. 6.18-23. [253] See vi. 6. [254] Categ. ii. 6.4. [255] Arist., Hermeneia, 4. [256] See iii. 7.8. [257] Categ. ii. 6.26. [258] Categ. ii. 7.1; Met. v. 15. [259] Categ. ii. 7.17-19. [260] See Categ. viii. [261] Arist., Categ. ii. 8.3, 7, 8, 13, 14. [262] See ii. 6.3. [263] See ii. 6.3. [264] See ii. 6.1. [265] These are: 1, capacity and disposition; 2, physical power or impotence; 3, affective qualities; 4, the figure and exterior form. [266] Met. v. 14. [267] Categ. ii. 8. [268] See i. 6.2. [269] Categ. ii. 8.15. [270] Among whom Plotinos is not; see vi. 1.10. [271] The reader is warned that the single Greek word "paschein" is continually played upon in meanings "experiencing," "suffering," "reacting," or "passion." [272] Met. xi. 9. [273] That is, "to move" and "to cut" express an action as perfect as "having moved" and "having cut." [274] As Aristotle says, Categ. ii. 7.1. [275] Plotinos proposes to divide verbs not as transitive and intransitive, but as verbs expressing a completed action or state, (as to think), and those expressing successive action, (as, to walk). The French language makes this distinction by using with these latter the auxiliary "être." Each of these two classes are subdivided into some verbs expressing an absolute action, by which the subject alone is modified; and into other verbs expressing relative action, referring to, or modifying an exterior object. These alone are used to form the passive voice, and Plotinos does not want them classified apart. [276] In Greek the three words are derived from the same root. [277] See i. v. [278] See iii. 6.1. [279] Categ. iii. 14. [280] For this movement did not constitute reaction in the mover. [281] That is, the Greek word for "suffering." [282] A Greek pun, "kathexis." [283] A Greek pun, "hexis" also translated "habit," and "habitude." [284] See Chaignet, Hist. of Greek Psychology, and Simplicius, Commentary on Categories. [285] See iv. 7.14. This is an Aristotelian distinction. [286] See ii. 4.1. [287] By verbal similarity, or homonymy, a pun. [288] See ii. 4.1. [289] See ii. 5.5. [290] For Plato placed all reality in the Ideas.