Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 3 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 3 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
2. Upon this Trypho sat silent, studying for an answer. Erato
addressing himself to us youths, said: Trypho wants your assistance;
help him in this dispute about the garlands, or be content to sit
without any. Ammonius too bade us not be afraid, for he would not reply
to any of our discourses; and Trypho likewise urging me to propose
something, I said: To demonstrate that the ivy is cold is not so proper
a task for me as Trypho, for he often useth coolers and binders; but
that proposition, that wine in which ivy berries have been is more
inebriating, is not true; for that disturbance which it raiseth in
those that drink it is not so properly called drunkenness as alienation
of mind or madness, such as hyoscyamus and a thousand other things
that set men beside themselves usually produce. The crookedness of the
bough is no argument at all, for such violent and unnatural effects
cannot be supposed to proceed from any natural quality or power. Now
sticks are bent by the fire, because that draws the moisture, and so
the crookedness is a violent distortion; but the natural heat nourishes
and preserves the body. Consider therefore, whether it is not the
weakness and coldness of the body that makes it wind, bend, and creep
upon the ground; for those qualities check its rise, and depress it in
its ascent, and render it like a weak traveller, that often sits down
and then goes on again. Therefore the ivy requires something to twine
about, and needs a prop; for it is not able to sustain and direct its
own branches, because it wants heat, which naturally tends upward.
The snow is melted by the wetness of the leaf, for water destroys it
easily, passing through the thin contexture, it being nothing but
a congeries of small bubbles; and therefore in very cold but moist
places the snow melts as soon as in hot. That it is continually green
doth not proceed from its heat, for to shed its leaves doth not argue
the coldness of a tree. Thus the myrtle and maiden-hair, though not
hot, but confessedly cold, are green all the year. Some imagine this
comes from the equal and duly proportioned mixture of the qualities
in the leaf, to which Empedocles hath added a certain aptness of
pores, through which the nourishing juice is orderly transmitted, so
that there is still supply sufficient. But now it is otherwise in
trees whose leaves fall, by reason of the wideness of their higher
and narrowness of their lower pores; for the latter do not send juice
enough, nor do the former keep it, but pour it out as soon as a small
stock is received. This may be illustrated from the usual watering of
our gardens; for when the distribution is unequal, the plants that are
always watered have nourishment enough, seldom wither, and look always
green. But you further argue, that being planted in Babylon it would
not grow. It was well done of the plant, methinks, being a particular
friend and familiar of the Boeotian God, to scorn to live amongst the
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