Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
6. SOCLARUS. You seem to me to be very much in the right, for the
Stoics and Peripatetics are led to affirm the contrary upon this
supposition, that justice could have no certain original, but would
be altogether incomprehensible and inexistent if all brute creatures
should partake of reason. For either of necessity we must do a very
great piece of injustice when we devour and feed upon them; or if we
forbear the use of them, it will be impossible for us to live, or
rather we shall in some measure live the lives of beasts, rejecting the
use of brute creatures. I pass by those innumerable myriads of nomades
and Troglodytes that know no other food but flesh. But as for us that
seem to live lovingly and in friendship together, what necessity would
there be of laboring on the earth, toiling upon the sea, or mining in
the mountains, what ornament would there be in our life, if it were so
that we must be bound to live, as it would then become us, not only
without injury but rather with all civility and humanity toward all
the sorts of beasts, as being our fellow rational creatures? We have
no cure, no remedy for an unquestionable necessity that deprives us
either of life or justice, unless we observe that ancient bound and
dispensation which, according to Hesiod, distinguishing natures and
separating every kind by themselves, commands
The fish, wild beasts, and all the winged fowl,
To prey upon their kinds without control,
For among them no law nor justice reigns;
Only by justice man from man abstains.[78]
And therefore, as brutes can extend no act of justice to us, so neither
can we commit any act of injustice against them. Which argument they
who reject have left us no benefit of life, nor any the smallest
entrance for justice into the world.
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