[Footnote 120: This act is sufficient to stamp Marius with infamy; and it is not the only time that he did it. Octavius, an honest man, refused to arm the slave against his master. (Marius, c. 42). The last British governor of Virginia closed his inglorious career by the same unsuccessful act of cowardice. (November, 1775). "In November Lord Dunmore proclaimed martial law in the colony, and executed his long-threatened plan of giving freedom to all slaves who could bear arms and would flock to his standard. But these measures, though partially annoying, had the effect of irritating and rousing the people rather than breaking their spirit." (Tucker's _Life of Jefferson_, vol. i. p. 78). Before the middle of the next year Dunmore made his escape from Virginia, after setting fire to the town of Norfolk.] [Footnote 121: The site of this place is unknown. Cramer (_Ancient Italy_, ii. 31) says that the place is only mentioned by Dionysius (ii. 37).] [Footnote 122: Appian calls this Marius the adopted son of Caius Marius.] [Footnote 123: The port of Rome at the mouth of the Tiber.] [Footnote 124: Circeii is a promontory which contains a solitary elevation, now Monte Circello. Terracina or Anxur is about twelve miles east of it, and the Pomptine marshes lie between. This tract is now very thinly inhabited, being used for pasturage, and it was apparently in the same state in the time of Marius. Yet this desolate tract where a house is now rarely seen was once full of Latin towns, in the earlier period of Rome.] [Footnote 125: This is the older Greek poet of the name. It is unknown when he lived, but he belongs to a period earlier than that of authentic history. Aristotle (_Hist. of Animals_, vi. 5) quotes this line, and in Bekker's edition the last word is [Greek: alegizei] ἀλεγίζει, which I have translated. Sintenis reads [Greek: alubazei] ἀλυβάζει, and Kaltwasser says that [Greek: alegizei] ἀλεγίζει cannot have the meaning which I and others have given to it.] [Footnote 126: Minturnæ is near the mouth of the Liris, now the Garigliano, and in a swampy district. The lower course of the Garigliano is through a flat, marshy, unhealthy region. If Marius landed near Circeii he could not well have passed Teracina without being seen. It in probable therefore that he landed south of Terracina.] [Footnote 127: Ænaria, now Ischia, is forty miles south of the mouth of the Liris.] [Footnote 128: Marius and his adherents had been declared enemies to the State; and in the declaration it was not forgotten that Marius had attempted to excite the slaves to rebellion. The head of Sulpicius was already stuck up in the Forum (Appian, _Civil Wars_, i. 60; Velleius, ii. 19).]