Greece -- Biography -- Early works to 1800; Rome -- Biography -- Early works to 1800
XVI. After these transactions Lysander set sail for Thrace, but sent
home to Sparta all the money for which he had no immediate occasion,
and all the presents and crowns[149] which he had received, in charge
of Gylippus, who had held a command in Sicily during the war there.
His wealth was very great, as many naturally had bestowed rich
presents on one who had such great power as to be in some sort
dictator of Greece. Gylippus is said to have cut open the seam at the
bottom of each bag of money, taken a great deal of it out, and then to
have sewn it up again, not knowing that there was a written note in
each bag stating the amount which it contained. When he reached Sparta
he hid the money which he had stolen under the tiles of his roof, and
handed the bags over to the Ephors with the seals unbroken. When the
bags were opened and the money counted, the amount was found not to
agree with the written notes, and the Ephors were much perplexed at
this until a servant of Gylippus explained the cause of it in a
riddle, telling them that under his tiles roosted many owls. For, it
seems, most of the money current at that period bore the Athenian
device of the owl, in consequence of the extent of the Athenian
empire.
Gylippus, having sullied the glory of his great achievements by this
mean and sordid action, left Sparta in disgrace. Yet the wisest
Spartans, fearing the power of the money for this very reason, that it
was the chief men in the state who would be tempted by it, reproached
Lysander for bringing it, and implored the Ephors to convey solemnly
all the gold and silver coin away out of the country, as being so much
"imported ruin." On this the Ephors invited discussion upon the
subject. Theopompus tells us that it was Skiraphidas, but Ephorus says
that it was Phlogidas who advised the Spartans not to receive the gold
and silver coinage into their country, but to continue to use that
which their fathers had used. This was iron money, which had first
been dipped in vinegar when red hot, so that it could not be worked,
as its being quenched in this manner rendered it brittle and useless,
while it was also heavy, difficult to transport from place to place,
and a great quantity of it represented but a small value. It appears
probable that all money was originally of this kind, and that men used
instead of coin small spits[150] of iron or copper. For this reason we
still call small coins obols, and we call six obols a drachma, meaning
that this is the number of them which can be grasped by the hand.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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