Greece -- Biography -- Early works to 1800; Rome -- Biography -- Early works to 1800
XIII. For this man most of all showed the Romans what a charm eloquence
adds to a good thing, and that justice is invincible if it be rightly
expressed in words, and that it befits him who duly directs political
affairs, always in his acts to choose the good instead of that which
merely pleases, and in his speech to deprive what is useful of that
which gives pain. And a sample of his persuasive eloquence was what
happened in his consulship with respect to the public exhibitions. In
former times those of the equestrian class were mingled with the crowd
in the theatres and were spectators among the people, just as chance
would have it; but Marcus Otho[174] in his prætorship was the first
who, for the sake of distinction, separated the equites from the rest of
the citizens, and gave them a particular place, which they still retain.
The people took this as a disparagement of themselves, and when Otho
appeared in the theatre, they hissed for the purpose of insulting him,
but the equites received him with loud applause. Again the people began
to hiss louder, and the equites to make still greater plaudits. Upon
this they fell to abusing one another, and kept the theatre in
confusion. When Cicero heard of this he came, and summoning the people
to the temple of Bellona both rebuked and admonished them, on which they
went back to the theatre and loudly applauded Otho, and vied with the
equites in doing honour to the man and showing their respect.
XIV. The conspirators with Catilina[175] at first crouched and were
afraid, but they recovered heart, and assembling together urged one
another to take matters in hand with more courage before Pompeius
returned, who was said to be now coming home with his force. Catilina
was chiefly stirred up by the old soldiers of Sulla, who were planted
all through Italy, but the greatest number and the most warlike of them
were distributed in the Tuscan cities, and were again forming visions of
robbery and plunder of the wealth that existed. These men, with
Manlius[176] for their leader, one of those who had served with
distinction under Sulla, were on the side of Catilina, and came to Rome
to assist at the Comitia; for Catilina was again a candidate for the
consulship, and had resolved to kill Cicero in the tumult of the
elections. The dæmon also seemed to pre-signify what was going on by
earthquakes and lightnings and sights. The information from human
testimony was indeed clear, but not sufficient for conviction of a man
of reputation and great power, like Catilina. Wherefore Cicero deferred
the day of election, and summoning Catilina to the Senate questioned him
about what was reported. Catilina, thinking that there were many in the
Senate who were desirous of change, and at the same time wishing to make
a display before the conspirators, gave Cicero an insane answer: "What
am I doing so strange, if when there are two bodies, one lean and
wasted, but with a head, and the other headless, but strong and large, I
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