Poet-Lore: A Quarterly Magazine of Letters. April, May, June, 1900Various
General
Poet-Lore: A Quarterly Magazine of Letters. April, May, June, 1900
Various
Literature -- Periodicals; Poetry -- Periodicals
Bolingbroke ... Shall see us rising on our throne, the east, His
treasons will sit blushing in his face." And again, _Ibid_., iv, 1,
260, transferring the metaphor to Bolingbroke, he wails: "O, that I
were a mockery King of snow Standing before the sun of Bolingbroke, To
melt myself away in waterdrops." In '1 Henry IV,' iii, 2, 79, the King
speaks of "sunlike majesty, When it shines seldom in admiring eyes." In
'Richard III.' i, 1, 1, Gloster says, referring to the King: "Now is
the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of York."
In 'Hamlet,' i, 2, 67, the King asks Hamlet: "How is it that the clouds
still hang on you?" and he ironically replies: "Not so, my lord, I am
too much i' the sun." Here again "sun" means "sunshine," and Hamlet,
choosing to understand the King literally, and referring to the fact
that clouds are dissipated by a genial sun, sneeringly protests that he
is too much in the sunshine of royalty to have clouds hanging about
him. Referring to a different effect of the sun's warmth, Prince John
speaks of "The man that sits within a monarch's heart And ripens in the
sunshine of his favor"; '2 Henry IV,' iv, 2, 12. There are other
similar uses of the word "sun," which need not now be cited.
The last reference to Ophelia's supposed relation to the King occurs
when Polonius comes to announce the presence of the players:
"_Ham_. 'O Jephthah, judge of Israel,' what a treasure hadst
thou!
"_Pol_. What treasure had he, my lord?
"_Ham_. Why 'One fair daughter, and no more, the which he loved
passing well.'
"_Pol_. Still on my daughter [_aside_].
"_Ham_. Am I not i' the right, old Jephthah?
"_Pol_. If you call me Jephthah, my lord, I have a daughter that
I love passing well.
"_Ham_. Nay, that follows not.
"_Pol_. What follows then, my lord?
"_Ham_. Why, 'As by lot, God wot.'"
Here Hamlet again mystifies Polonius about his daughter, quoting from
an old English ballad. Jephthah is pilloried in history as the man who
sacrificed his daughter in payment for his worldly success. Shakespeare
also refers to him in '3 Henry VI,' v, 1, 91: "To keep that oath were
more impiety than Jephthah's when he sacrificed his daughter." Hamlet
dubs Polonius "Jephthah," because he believes that he has paid for
political preferment by yielding his daughter to the King. And when
Polonius says that, if he is to be called Jephthah, he admits that like
Jephthah he loves his daughter, Hamlet replies in characteristic vein,
"Nay, that follows not"; meaning that it follows instead that like
Jephthah he has sacrificed her. But when Polonius presses him to say
what does follow, he conceals his real meaning, as his custom is, and
diverts the old man's mind by answering the line from the ballad. As
was the case with regard to Ophelia, Hamlet is reluctant to make the
open charge against her father.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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