Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verseQuayle, Thomas
History
Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verse
Quayle, Thomas
English language -- Diction; English poetry -- 18th century -- History and criticism
The Fourth Book (“The Winter Evening”) is entirely free from instances of
the mechanical abstraction, but the vision of Oriental Empire, and the
fascination of the East, is effectively evoked in the personification of
the land of the Moguls:
Is India free? and does she wear her plumed
And jewelled turban with a smile of peace.
(ll. 28-9)
“The Task,” however, has two examples of the detailed personification.
The first is an attempt, in the manner of Spenser, to give a full length
portrait of “a sage called Discipline”:
His eye was meek and gentle and a smile
Played on his lips, and in his speech was heard
Paternal sweetness
(Bk. II, l. 702 foll.)
where there is a depth of feeling, as well as a gentle satiric touch in
the delineation, that animate it into something more than a mere stock
image; it embodies perhaps a reminiscence of one who at some time or
other had guided the destinies of the youthful Cowper.
The second instance is of a more imaginative kind. It is the
presentation, in the Fourth Book, of Winter, with
forehead wrapt in cloud
A leafless branch thy sceptre,
almost the only occasion on which Cowper, despite the nature of his
subject, has personified the powers and orders of nature.[239] Cowper
has also invested the Evening with human attributes, and despite the
imitative ring of the lines,[240] and the “quaintness” of the images
employed, there is a new beauty in the evocation:
Come, Evening, once again, season of peace;
Return, sweet Evening, and continue long!
Methinks I see thee in the streaky west
With matron step slow-moving, while the night
Treads on thy sweeping train.
The darkness soon to fall over the landscape is suggested in the added
appeal to Evening to come
Not sumptuously adorned, nor needing aid
Like homely-featured Night, of clustering gems,
where the compound epithet emphasizes the contrast between the quiet
beauty of the twilight skyscape and the star-sprinkled gloom of the night.
Finally, one of the last instances of the personified abstraction to be
found in the work of Cowper may perhaps be taken to reflect something of
the changes that have been silently working underneath. This is in the
lines that suddenly bring “Yardley Oak” to an end:
History not wanted yet
Leaned on her elbow watching Time whose course
Eventful should supply her with a theme.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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