Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verseQuayle, Thomas
History
Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verse
Quayle, Thomas
English language -- Diction; English poetry -- 18th century -- History and criticism
In “Summer” the epithet _gelid_ appears with almost wearisome iteration,
with other examples like _flexile_ wave, _the fond sequacious bird_,
etc., while the cloud that presages a storm is called “the small
prognostic” and trees are “the noble sons of potent heat and floods.”
Continuous passages betray similar characteristics:
From thee the sapphire, solid ether, takes
Its hue cerulean and of evening tinct.
(“Summer,” 149 foll.)
_Autumn_ furnishes even more surprising instances: the stag “_adhesive_
to the track,” the sands “strowed _bibulous_ above,” “forests huge
_incult_,” etc., as well as numerous passages of sustained latinism.[103]
In “Winter,” which grew from an original 405 lines in 1726 to 1,069 lines
in 1746, latinism of vocabulary is not prominent to the same extent as in
the three previous books, but the following is a typical sample:
Meantime in sable cincture shadows vast
Deep-tinged, and damp and congregated clouds
And all the vapoury turbulence of heaven
Involves the face of things.
(ll. 54 foll.)[104]
The revisions after 1730 do not show any great pruning, or less
indulgence in these characteristics; rather the contrary, for many of
them are additions which did not appear until 1744. Now and then Thomson
has changed his terms and epithets. Thus in the lines
the potent sun
_Melts into_ limpid air the high-raised clouds
(“Summer,” 199)
the expression “melts into” has replaced the earlier “attenuates
to.”[105] One of the best of the emendations, at least as regards the
disappearance of a latinism, is seen in “Summer” (48-9), where the second
verse of the couplet,
The meek-eyed morn appears, mother of dews,
At first _faint-gleaming_ in the dappled east
has replaced the
_Mildly elucent_ in the streaky east
of the earlier version. Often Thomson’s latinisms produce no other effect
on the reader than that of mere pedantry. Thus in passages such as
See, where the winding vale its lavish stores
_Irriguous_ spreads. See, how the lily drinks
The _latent_ rill.
(“Spring,” 494)
or
the canvas smooth
With glowing life _protuberant_.
(“Autumn,” 136)
or
The fallow ground laid open to the sun
_Concoctive_.
(_Ibid._, 407)
or the description of the tempest
Struggling through the _dissipated_ grove
(“Winter,” 185)[106]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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