Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verseQuayle, Thomas
History
Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verse
Quayle, Thomas
English language -- Diction; English poetry -- 18th century -- History and criticism
who sitt’st a smiling bride
By Valour’s armed and awful side
Gentlest of sky-born forms and best adorned.
The “Ode to the Passions” is in itself almost an epitome of the various
ways in which Collins makes use of personification. It is first to be
noted that he rarely attempts to clothe his personifications in long and
elaborate descriptions; most often they are given life and reality by
being depicted, so to speak, moving and acting:
Revenge impatient rose,
He threw his blood-stained sword in thunder down,
And with a withering look
The war-denouncing trumpet took;
Yet still he kept his wild unaltered mien
Whilst his strained ball of sight seemed bursting from his head.
Even the figures, seen as it were but for a moment, are flashed before us
in this manner:
With woful measures wan Despair
Low sullen sounds his grief beguiled
and
Dejected Pity at his side
Her soul-subduing voice applied
and the vision of hope with “eyes so fair” who
smiled and waved her golden hair.
In this ode Collins gives us also imaginative cameos, we might call them,
vividly delineated and presented like the figures on the Grecian urn that
inspired Keats. Thus:
While as his flying fingers kissed the strings,
Love framed with mirth a gay fantastic round.
and, with its tinge of probably unconscious humour—
Brown exercise rejoiced to hear,
And Sport leapt up and seized his beechen spear.
From these and similar instances, we receive a definite impression of
that motion, which is at the same time repose, so characteristic of
classical sculptuary.
Most of the odes considered above are addressed to abstractions. In the
few instances where Collins invokes the orders or powers of nature even
greater felicity is shown in the art with which he calls up and clothes
in perfect expression his abstract images. The first of the seasons is
vaguely but subtly suggested to us in the beautiful ode beginning “How
sleep the brave”:
When Spring with dewy fingers cold
Returns to deck their hallowed mould,
She there shall dress a sweeter sod
Than fancy’s feet have ever trod.
This is rather a simile than a personification, but yet there is conveyed
to us a definite impression of a shadowy figure that comes to deck the
earth with beauty, like a young girl scattering flowers as she walks
along.
But the workmanship of Collins in this respect is seen in its perfection
in the “Ode to Evening.” There is no attempt to draw a portrait or chisel
a statue; the calm, restful influence of evening, its sights and sounds
that radiate peace and contentment, even the very soul of the landscape
as the shades of night gather around, are suggested by master touches,
whilst the slow infiltration of the twilight is beautifully suggested:
Thy dewy fingers draw
The gradual dusky veil.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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