Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeanceTreston, Hubert Joseph
History
Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeance
Treston, Hubert Joseph
Criminal law (Greek law); Greece -- Civilization; Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Homicide (Greek law); Vendetta
There was another factor, too, which may have helped to give vitality and
realism to the rebellious rôle of the ‘tragic’ Erinnyes, especially in
Euripides. We shall see[146] that the Apolline doctrine did not abolish
every form of compensation. The relatives of a person involuntarily slain
were entitled to ‘appeasement,’ were, perhaps, permitted under certain
conditions to enter into what is known as ‘private settlement’—though
usually before ‘appeasement’ a certain period of exile was necessary.
Now if, as some maintain,[147] the ‘appeasement’ depended entirely on
the will of the relatives, and if the relatives had to be unanimous in
accepting the gifts or presents which constituted ‘appeasement,’ it is
clear that one single relative could have extorted enormous sums of
money, or otherwise have compelled the manslayer to abide in perpetual
exile. We shall argue, later, that the regular duration of exile for
manslaughter was one year, and that this custom implies the influence
of local control, on the part of judges or magistrates, directed
against the right to refuse ‘appeasement’ on the part of a slain man’s
relatives. Such a control would naturally have produced irritation
and dissatisfaction which, again, might have been reflected in men’s
conception of the Erinnyes. We shall see that at least one legend of
Orestes conceived his deed as involuntary kin-slaying. It was probably
this legend which represented some of the Furies as still implacable when
the Areopagus trial had declared Orestes ‘not guilty,’ or rather, immune
from further punishment.[148]
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