Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeanceTreston, Hubert Joseph
History
Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeance
Treston, Hubert Joseph
Criminal law (Greek law); Greece -- Civilization; Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Homicide (Greek law); Vendetta
There is one point which, in conclusion, we wish to emphasise, namely
the value and the importance of the Platonic code when considered as a
supplement to the laws of Dracon in cases where they do not directly
reproduce them. It is easy to assert that Plato is an idealist when
his ideas do not correspond with one’s pet hypotheses.[229] But what,
we may ask, was the source of Platonic idealism, and was this source
of such a kind that it would have affected the historicity of his
homicide-laws? The idealism of Plato was, we think, derived from
the Orphic-Pythagoreans, and also to some extent from the Eleatic
philosophers. His theory of ‘ideas’ originated, as Burnet has shown,[230]
with the Pythagoreans. So, Glotz rightly says[231]: ‘l’eschatologie de
Platon présente une grande cohésion. Elle vient de l’orphisme.’ Was
there, then, in Orphism any special doctrine which could have affected
Plato’s attitude to homicide? Could such a doctrine have imported new
ideas into Plato’s legislation? It is true that murderers were excluded
from the famous Mysteries at Eleusis when those Mysteries came under
Orphic domination, from 400 B.C. onwards.[232] Murderers were punished
by everlasting fire in the Orphic Tartarus,[233] and parricides and
matricides were singled out for the most severe punishment. Aristophanes
has a line[234] which has been interpreted as referring[235] to human
bloodshed,
Ὀρφεὺς μὲν γὰρ τελετὰς θ’ ἡμῖν κατέδειξε φόνων τ’ ἀπέχεσθαι:
but the φόνοι which are here mentioned denote the sacrificial slaying of
animals, to which the Orphics objected. Horace[236] puts it more clearly
when he says:
silvestres homines sacer interpresque deorum
caedibus et victu foedo deterruit Orpheus.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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