[131] Caillemer, art. φόνος in Daremberg and Saglio, p. 439; Philippi, _Areopag und Epheten_, pp. 3-4; Eichhoff, _Blutrache_, chap. i. p. 8. [132] P. 48. [133] Glotz, _op. cit._ pp. 164-173. [134] P. 48. [135] P. 302. [136] P. 48. [137] _Encycl. Laws England_, ed. Renton, vol. ix. p. 32. [138] P. 128. [139] _Cf._ the phrase _si telum fugit magis quam iecit_. [140] Seebohm, p. 126. [141] P. 71. [142] Quoted by Seebohm, _op. cit._ p. 63. [143] Seebohm, _op. cit._ pp. 106-8. [144] Seebohm, _op. cit._ p. 103. [145] _Supra_, p. 7. [146] P. 107. [147] See _La Monarchie franque_, pp. 473-4 (Glotz, p. 107). [148] For the contrary view of Dareste in regard to Aryan races, see his _Études d’histoire du droit_, pp. 252-275. Glotz, p. 106. [149] xi. 271 ff. [150] _Phoenissae_, 60 ff. [151] P. 71. [152] _Infra_, pp. 171, 310 ff. [153] _Il._ ix. 563-570. [154] _Cf._ _Il._ xv. 204 οἶσθ’ ὡς πρεσβυτέροισιν Ἐριννύες αἰὲν ἕπονται. [155] xxiii. 88 ff. [156] νήπιος, οὐκ ἐθέλων, ἀμφ’ ἀστραγάλοισι χολωθείς. [157] See, _e.g._, Eichhoff, _Blutrache_, chap. i. p. 8. [158] See Xenophon, _Anab._ iv. 8. 25. [159] See _infra_, pp. 140 f., 197. [160] For Attic legislation, see _infra_, p. 213 ff. [161] P. 50. [162] P. 51; see _infra_, ch. iii. [163] P. 50. [164] P. 383. [165] viii. 318, 332. [166] _Op. cit._ p. 385. [167] P. 386 [168] viii. 318 ff. [169] vi. 160 ff. [170] For an interesting parallel _cf._ Euripides, _Hippolytus_. [171] The subsequent solitary wandering of Bellerophon in ‘the plain of wandering,’ and the death of his sons and daughter through the anger of the gods, is not presented by Homer as a punishment for an act of adultery of which he was not guilty (200 ff.). [172] _Infra_, pp. 193, 215 ff. [173] _Supra_, p. 55 ff. [174] _Infra_, p. 76. [175] _Od._ i. 298 ff. [176] xvi. 400 ff. [177] _Od._ xxiv. 420. [178] _Ib._ 530-555. [179] See also _Od._ i. 290 ff. [180] P. 565. [181] P. 191. [182] _Il._ xviii. 336, xxiii. 181. [183] _Supra_, p. 19. [184] _Orestes_, 500. [185] _Infra_, p. 348 ff. CHAPTER III THE ACHAEAN SYSTEM Achaean system explained according to author’s theory: proofs from Homeric text: question of discrimination, amongst Achaeans, between murder and manslaughter, and between justifiable and unjustifiable homicide: no collectivity or solidarity in vengeance. ‘The Achaians,’ says Leaf,[1] ‘shew no signs in Homer of anything corresponding to the minor classifications, so important in later Greece, which is recalled to us by the Attic names of γένος and φρατρία. They appear as a single unit divided only locally. The whole primitive family system, with its rites and taboos, has disappeared and the only kinship recognised as carrying a moral obligation is the natural obligation of close blood relationship ... this is only what we should expect in a people of military adventurers.... Homicide is a local and family affair.’