Poisons, Their Effects and Detection: A Manual for the Use of Analytical Chemists and ExpertsBlyth, Alexander Wynter
Science
Poisons, Their Effects and Detection: A Manual for the Use of Analytical Chemists and Experts
Blyth, Alexander Wynter
Poisons
Spots on paper become quickly dark, and sometimes exhibit a play of
colours, such as reddish-brown; ultimately the spot becomes very black,
and holes may be formed; even when the acid is dilute, the course is
very similar, for the acid dries in, until it reaches a sufficient
degree of concentration to attack the tissue. I found small drops of
sulphuric acid on a brussels carpet, which had a red pattern on a dark
green ground with light green flowers, act as follows: the spots on the
red at the end of a few hours were of a dark maroon colour, the green
was darkened, and the light green browned; at the end of twenty-four
hours but little change had taken place, nor could any one have guessed
the cause of the spots without a close examination. Spots of the strong
acid on thin cotton fabrics rapidly blackened, and actual holes were
formed in the course of an hour; the main difference to the naked eye,
between the stains of the acid and those produced by a red-hot body, lay
in the moistness of the spots. Indeed, the great distinction, without
considering chemical evidence, between recent burns of clothing by
sulphuric acid and by heat, is that in the one case--that of the
acid--the hole or spot is very moist; in the other very dry. It is easy
to imagine that this distinction may be of importance in a legal
investigation.
Spots of acid on clothing fall too often under the observation of all
those engaged in practical chemical work. However quickly a spot of acid
is wiped off, unless it is immediately neutralised by ammonia, it
ultimately makes a hole in the cloth; the spot, as a rule, whatever the
colour of the cloth, is of a blotting-paper red.
Sulphuric acid dropped on iron, attacks it, forming a sulphate, which
may be dissolved out by water. If the iron is exposed to the weather
the rain may wash away all traces of the acid, save the corrosion; but
it would be under those circumstances impossible to say whether the
corrosion was due to oxidation or a solvent.
To sum up briefly: the characters of sulphuric acid spots on organic
matters generally are black, brown, or red-coloured destructions of
tissue, moisture, acid-reaction (often after years), and lastly the
chemical evidence of sulphuric acid or sulphates in excess.
=Caution necessary in judging of Spots, &c.=--An important case, related
by Maschka, shows the necessity of great caution in interpreting
results, unless all the circumstances of a case be carefully collated. A
live coal fell on the bed of a weakly infant, five months old. The child
screamed, and woke the father, who was dozing by the fire; the man, in
terror, poured a large pot of water on the child and burning bed. The
child died the following day.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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