Poisons, Their Effects and Detection: A Manual for the Use of Analytical Chemists and ExpertsBlyth, Alexander Wynter
Science
Poisons, Their Effects and Detection: A Manual for the Use of Analytical Chemists and Experts
Blyth, Alexander Wynter
Poisons
The termination in this instance was unusually rapid. In a case detailed
by Casper,[96] in which a boy drank an unknown quantity of acid, death
took place in seven hours. In Guy’s Hospital museum, the duodenum and
stomach are preserved of a patient who is said to have died in nine and
a half hours from half an ounce of the acid. The same quantity, in a
case related by Taylor, caused death in eighteen hours. From these and
other instances, it may be presumed that death from acute poisoning by
hydrochloric acid will probably take place within twenty-four hours.
From the secondary effects, of course, death may take place at a remote
period, _e.g._, in a case recorded by Dr. Duncan (_Lancet_, April 12,
1890), a man drank about 1 oz. of HCl accidentally, was admitted to
Charing Cross Hospital the same day, and treated with small quantities
of sodium carbonate, and fed by the rectum. On the eighth day he brought
up 34 oz. of blood; in a month he left apparently perfectly well, but
was admitted again in about six weeks, and died of contraction of the
stomach and stricture of the pylorus on the ninety-fourth day.
[96] Case 230.--_Gerichtliche Medicin_, 6th Ed., Berlin, 1876.
§76. =Post-mortem Appearances.=--The pathological appearances are very
similar to those found in the case already detailed; though the skin of
the face may not be eroded in any way by the acid, yet the more delicate
mucous membrane of the mouth, gullet, &c., appears mostly to be changed,
and is usually white or whitish-brown. There is, however, in the museum
of the Royal College of Surgeons the stomach and gullet (No. 2386c.) of
an infant thirteen months old; the infant drank a tea-cupful of strong
hydrochloric acid, and died nine hours after the dose. The pharynx and
the upper end of the gullet is quite normal, the corrosive action
commencing at the lower end, so that, although the acid was
concentrated, not the slightest effect was produced on the delicate
mucous membrane of the throat and upper part of the gullet. The lower
end of the gullet and the whole of the stomach were intensely congested;
the rugæ of the latter were ecchymosed and blackened by the action of
the acid. There were also small hæmorrhages in the lungs, which were
ascribed to the action of the acid on the blood. Perforation of the
stomach has not been noticed in hydrochloric acid poisoning.
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