Poisons, Their Effects and Detection: A Manual for the Use of Analytical Chemists and ExpertsBlyth, Alexander Wynter
Science
Poisons, Their Effects and Detection: A Manual for the Use of Analytical Chemists and Experts
Blyth, Alexander Wynter
Poisons
A still larger dose has been recovered from in the case of a young man,
aged 23,[163] who had swallowed no less than 75 grms. (2·6 ozs.) of
chloroform, but yet, in a few hours, awoke from the stupor. He
complained of a burning pain in the stomach; on the following day he
suffered from vomiting, and on the third day symptoms of jaundice
appeared,--a feature which has been several times noticed as an effect
of chloroform.
[163] _Brit. Med. Journ._, 1879.
On the other hand, even small doses have been known to destroy life. In
a case related by Taylor, a boy, aged 4, swallowed 3·8 grms. (1 drm.) of
chloroform and died in three hours, notwithstanding that every effort
was used for his recovery.
§ 180. The smallest dose that has proved fatal _to an adult_ is 15 grms.
(a little over 4 drms.).
From twenty-two cases in which the quantity taken had been ascertained
with some degree of accuracy, Falck draws the following conclusions:--In
eight of the cases the dose was between 4 and 30 grms., and one death
resulted from 15 grms. As for the other fourteen persons, the doses
varied from 35 to 380 grms., and eight of these patients died--two after
40, two after 45, one after 60, 90, 120, and 180 grms. respectively.
Hence, under conditions favouring the action of the poison, 15 grms.
(4·3 drms.) may be fatal to an adult, while doses of 40 grms. (11·3
drms.) and upwards will almost certainly kill.
§ 181. =Symptoms.=--The symptoms can be well gathered from the cases
quoted. They commence shortly after the taking of the poison; and,
indeed, the local action of the liquid immediately causes first a
burning sensation, followed by numbness.
Often after a few minutes, precisely as when the vapour is administered,
a peculiar, excited condition supervenes, accompanied, it may be, by
delirium. The next stage is narcosis, and the patient lies with pale
face and livid lips, &c., as described at p. 147; the end of the scene
is often preceded by convulsions. Sometimes, however, consciousness
returns, and the irritation of the mucous membranes of the
gastro-intestinal canal is shown by bloody vomiting and bloody stools,
with considerable pain and general suffering. In this way, a person may
linger several days after the ingestion of the poison. In a case
observed by Pomeroy, the fatal malady was prolonged for eight days.
Among those who recover, a common _sequela_, as before mentioned, is
jaundice.
A third form of symptoms has been occasionally observed, viz.:--The
person awakes from the coma, the breathing and pulse become again
natural, and all danger seems to have passed, when suddenly, after a
longer or shorter time, without warning, a state of general depression
and collapse supervenes, and death occurs.
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