In India it is difficult to distinguish between those companies composed of resident English and native Indians which were formed to exploit mines for profit and those composed of absentee English who desire to secure a supply of ore for English or other consumption. There seems to be no English capital in Brazil or Russia. One French company owned two shipping mines in India in 1907, but there is no record of operations in 1913. French capital is interested in several companies busy in the Nicopol district, Russia. A Belgian company operates one mine in the Queluz district, Brazil. [Illustration: PLATE III.--Geographical distribution of the principal manganese deposits of the world. By D. F. Hewett.] TABLE 24.--PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL OF MANGANESE -----------------+---------+-------+--------+----------------------- | | Man- | Per | | | ganese| cent. | | |content|of total| | | (per | pro- | Commercial control Country |Long tons|cent.) |duction |(estimated per cent.) -----------------+---------+-------+--------+----------------------- North America | | | | United States | 4,048| 40+ | 0.16 |United States, 100 | | | | South America | | | |{Brazil, 80 Brazil | 120,368| 38-48 | 5.10 |{Belgium, 5 | | | |{Germany, 15 | | | | Europe | | | | Austria-Hungary| 34,986| ? | 1.5 |Austria-Hungary, 100 Bosnia- | | | | Herzegovina | 5,709| ? | 0.2 |? France | 7,610| 30+ | 0.3 |France, 100 Germany | 748| 30+ | 0.03 |Germany, 100 Italy | 1,596| 18-45 | 0.07 |Italy, 100 | | | |{Russia, 65 Russia |1,289,370| 41-48 | 55.4 |{Germany, 30 | | | |{France, 5 Spain | 21,254| 29+ | 0.9 |? Sweden | 3,938| ? | 0.15 |? United Kingdom | 5,393| 30+ | 0.21 |England, 100 | | | | Asia | | | | India | 815,047| 42-54 | 35.0 |{English and native, 90 | | | |{United States, 10 Japan | 18,516| ? | 0.8 |Japan, 100 | | | | Oceania | | | | Australia | 27| | |? +---------+ | | Total |2,328,110| | | -----------------+---------+-------+--------+-----------------------