in American legislation. Drainage (_see Irrigation_), laws for usual in the South and West. Drains and irrigation. Drill companies (_see Military Companies_). Droit d'aubaine. Drugs (_see Pure Food Laws_). Drunkenness, first punished by law in 1606; other laws against; in U.S. Due process of law, under Magna Charta; principle may include immunity from self-incrimination. Duties (_see Imports_), first upon wool in Westminster I; General nature of; early revenue laws prohibitive not protective, hence tariffs for protection, not for revenue alone, are constitutional; "new" customs forbidden in 1309; suspension of all duties in 1309 in order to see what the effect is upon the people's prosperity; "new" customs again abolished, saving only the duty on wool or leather; only to be paid upon goods actually sold in England, not upon goods exported; in the United States. Early methods of trial. East India Company, monopoly of, attacked. Edgar, laws of. Education, may be separate for different races; tendency of to be technical; usually includes agricultural instruction; state functions of declared a natural right; compulsory in all states; compulsory age of. Edward I, charter of, in 1297; Restores constitutional principle of taxation; legislation of; grants confirmation of charters. Edward the Confessor, codes of; laws of (_see Wessex_); laws of sworn to be observed by Norman kings; laws of restored by Charter of Liberties. Edward II, reign of. Edward III, legislation of. Edward VI, legislation of. Edward VII, minimum wage legislation. Egyptians (_see Gypsies_). Elections (_see Voters_), freedom of, principle dates from statute of Westminster I; local regulation of essential; free right to; house the judge of; right of voting; control of votes of employees; Federal and State authority; regulation of machinery of; of corruption in, 290, 291. Electric power companies, eminent domain for. Elevators, subject to rate regulation; hours of labor on. Elizabeth, legislation of. "Elkins" act, 176 (_see Discrimination, Trusts_); form of, 361. Eminent domain, a modern doctrine; applies to personal property; personal property seized by royal purveyors; damages in; does not exist in England; growth of in United States; public service corporations entitled to; extended to public service corporations; to private corporations; to the taking of easements; damages given for land damaged as well as taken; only for a public use; national uses; State uses; parks and playgrounds; railways, telegraphs, etc. what is a public use; under State constitutions; increased application of; water subject to, in the arid States; powers of Federal government; no more land to be taken than needed. Employers' liability. Employment offices (_see Intelligence Offices_), regulated in Oklahoma, etc. England, statutes of, enforced in