The recklessness of legislatures has two or three most evil consequences. They pass foolish or unconstitutional laws, relying on the governor to veto them, or the courts to declare them void--which has the effect of shirking their responsibility and imposing unjust and obnoxious duties on the other branches of government, to which they do not fairly belong; increases the growing disrespect for all law, and deteriorates the moral and intellectual fibre of the legislature itself. Finally, also, it provokes that hypertrophic modern State constitution of the South and West, which tries to bind down future legislatures in infinite particulars, thereby again diminishing their importance and responsibility, making it more difficult to get able men to serve in them, and, by the frequent necessary amendment of State constitutions, resulting in a continual referendum, which nearly does away with representative government itself. Moreover, when a law is unconstitutional it should ever be only because it violates some great natural right of humanity, personal liberty, property, or the right to common law. When constitutions go into details which are not substantially connected with these cardinal rights, they bring themselves into contempt, and justify the growing prejudice of our labor leaders against them. The people should believe, as I think they do believe under the Federal Constitution and under the older ones of the States, that when a law is declared _no_ law by a high court for being counter to the higher will of the people as expressed in their permanent constitution, it is not on a technicality, but because some great liberty right is infringed by it. Yet it is a curious thing that whereas our people only got the power to legislate by democratic assemblies freely and completely from the year 1776, in hardly more than a hundred years after their conscious possession of that power we find a respectably strong popular movement attempting to reverse it, or, at least, to limit its field. Most of our advocates of direct legislation by the people assume that a great mass of law-making would result in practice; probably the contrary is true; the referendum would destroy more than the initiative would create. They would go back to a condition of things which, in theory at least, existed in the England of the early Saxon times; although, of course, in those days only the freemen, and no women, had the law-making vote. Anyhow, it is curious that that representative government upon which we have been priding ourselves as the one great Anglo-Saxon political invention should be precisely the thing that we are now urged to give up. In the _Federalist_ there is much discussion as to whether it is possible to have so big a democracy as the United States, and the answer made by Hamilton was; "Yes, because we shall have representative government." But detailed discussion of the initiative we must leave for a later chapter.