Popular misgovernment in the United StatesCruikshank, Alfred Byron
History
Popular misgovernment in the United States
Cruikshank, Alfred Byron
Suffrage -- United States; United States -- Politics and government
_Alabama._ In 1819 the State of Alabama began to establish state banks,
all of which became insolvent in 1842. To the debt of about $3,500,000
incident to this business, represented by bonds held by innocent holders
in London and New York, was added obligations amounting to $21,000,000
incurred in the negro suffrage reconstruction period, elsewhere
described. In 1876 the State scaled down the whole debt to $12,574,379,
a repudiation, including interest, of about $15,000,000 State debt.
_Arkansas._ In 1837 and 1838 Arkansas issued about $3,000,000 of bonds
in aid of two state banks. Part of this debt was subsequently
repudiated. During the reconstruction period about $8,000,000 of state
bonds were issued under legislative authority for railroad and levee
construction and all were repudiated in 1880, thus reducing the state
debt from $17,000,000 principal and interest to about $5,000,000.
_Florida._ In 1833 the Territory of Florida issued $3,000,000 bonds to
the Union Bank, and in 1831 and 1835 $900,000 more to other banks. These
obligations were definitely repudiated when Florida entered the Union
in 1845. Under an Act passed in 1855, the state issued $4,000,000 bonds
in aid of railroad construction; and these also have been repudiated, on
the claim that the legislature lacked authority to authorize them.
_Georgia._ From 1868 to 1871 the State of Georgia issued about
$8,000,000 of bonds in aid of railroad construction. In the years 1875,
1876 and 1877 all these bonds were repudiated by state legislation.
_Louisiana._ The debt of Louisiana at the outbreak of the Civil War was
about $10,000,000. The Civil War debt was ignored. Reconstruction
legislation brought up the state debt to about $50,000,000. This was
scaled down by legislative enactment to $12,000,000 and the rest
repudiated.
_Mississippi._ In June 1838 the State of Mississippi issued $5,000,000
of state bonds in payment of five thousand shares of stock in the Union
Bank of Mississippi. Four years later these bonds, then held by innocent
third parties, were repudiated by the state, although the highest court
in Mississippi had declared that they were legally issued. A similar
issue of $2,000,000 of state bonds issued to the Planters Bank was
repudiated in 1852. The State of Mississippi has never redeemed its
honor or paid the bonds.
_North Carolina._ In 1879 North Carolina passed a funding bill by which
in settlement of a long controversy with its bond-holders it repudiated
about $15,000,000 of State indebtedness. Bonds issued before the Civil
War were redeemed at fifty cents on the dollar; bonds issued after the
war to secure pre-war debts at twenty-five cents; and reconstruction
bonds at fifteen cents on the dollar.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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