We cannot mark out in hard and fast lines the science of the future, but we can foresee that the rigid walls which now divide man from the world will gradually disappear; that human beings will not only confront each other, but also the entire organic and so-called lifeless world, with less selfishness and with livelier sympathy. Just such a presentiment as this perhaps possessed the great Chinese philosopher Licius some two thousand years ago when, pointing to a heap of mouldering human bones, he said to his scholars in the rigid, lapidary style of his tongue: "These and I alone have the knowledge that we neither live nor are dead." FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 60: An address delivered before the anniversary meeting of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, at Vienna, May 25, 1882.] [Footnote 61: _Primitive Culture._] [Footnote 62: Tylor, _loc. cit._] [Footnote 63: _Essai philosophique sur les probabilités_. 6th Ed. Paris, 1840, p. 4. The necessary consideration of the initial velocities is lacking in this formulation.] [Footnote 64: _Principien der Wirthschaftslehre_, Vienna, 1873.] [Footnote 65: It is clear from this that all so-called elementary (differential) laws involve a relation to the whole.] [Footnote 66: If it be objected, that in the case of perturbations of the velocity of rotation of the earth, we could be sensible of such perturbations, and being obliged to have some measure of time, we should resort to the period of vibration of the waves of sodium light,--all that this would show is that for practical reasons we should select that event which best served us as the _simplest_ common measure of the others.] [Footnote 67: Measurement, in fact, is the definition of one phenomenon by another (standard) phenomenon.] [Footnote 68: I have represented the point of view here taken for more than thirty years and developed it in various writings (_Erhaltung der Arbeit_, 1872, parts of which are published in the article on _The Conservation of Energy_ in this collection; _The Forms of Liquids_, 1872, also published in this collection; and the _Bewegungsempfindungen_, 1875). The idea, though known to philosophers, is unfamiliar to the majority of physicists. It is a matter of deep regret to me, therefore, that the title and author of a small tract which accorded with my views in numerous details and which I remember having caught a glance of in a very busy period (1879-1880), have so completely disappeared from my memory that all efforts to obtain a clue to them have hitherto been fruitless.] ON TRANSFORMATION AND ADAPTATION IN SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT.[69]