In that year Baron Schilling made a telegraph, and exhibited it in 1832 at Bonn. This invention, with five vertical needles, was shown to Mr. Cooke in 1836. But in 1834, Gauss and Weber had succeeded in sending signals by means of a voltaic current acting upon a magnetised needle, and this apparatus was really the first practical electric telegraph in use, and it was much improved by Professor Steinheil of Munich. They employed a magnetic-electro machine, and caused a bar to move in certain directions to indicate certain letters of the alphabet. This was really of value, but Steinheil, the pupil of Gauss, assisted by his government, employed only a single wire, and made the earth complete the circuit for him instead of having a return wire as his predecessors had. This telegraph was perfected by a series of bells, which gave different tones for different letters, and he also caused the needle to make certain tracings as it moved upon a paper slip, something like the Morse pattern, which was completed in 1837. Professor Morse, in 1832, conceived the idea of an electric telegraph but his claim was disputed by a Doctor Jackson, who was on the same vessel when the subject was discussed. We need not enter into the details of the controversy. Mr. Morse won the day, and patented his invention. “It was once a popular fallacy in England and elsewhere that Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone were the original inventors of the electric telegraph. The electric telegraph had, properly speaking, no inventor.... Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone were, however, the first who established a telegraph for practical purposes comparatively on a large scale, and in which the public were more nearly concerned.... Therefore it was that the names of these enterprising and talented inventors came to the public ear, while those of Ampère and Steinheil remained comparatively unknown.[17] The telegraph, as used in Great Britain, was the result of the co-operation of Professors Cooke and Wheatstone. Mr. Cooke, in 1836, having seen the needle telegraph when in Heidelberg, made certain designs, and soon entered into partnership with Professor Wheatstone for the application of electric telegraphs to railways. Their apparatus with five needles and five wires was put up on the London and North-Western (then London and Birmingham) and Great Western lines, but proved too expensive. The instrument was subsequently modified, and is used on the English railways still. [Illustration: Fig. 242.—Cell.]