15. _Wan chang shan tu._ ‘Scholarship lofty as the Hills and the Great Bear.’ 16. _Ki yuh pao ting chi chin._ ‘A gem among precious vessels of rare jade.’ 17. _Shun-ti tang chi._ ‘Made at the Shun-ti (cultivation of virtue) Hall.’ 18. _Tsae chuan chi lo._ ‘Enjoying themselves in the waters.’ 19. Conventionalised seal character for _Sho_--longevity. 19A. _Fu_, a bat, a synonym of _fu_--happiness. JAPANESE MARKS 20. _Kai-raku yen sei._ ‘Made at the Kai-raku house.’ 21. _Ken-zan._ The maker’s name. 22. _Yei-raku._ The seal granted to Zengoro. Seal character. 23. _Fuku._ Happiness. (Chinese, _Fu_.) Seal character. 24. _Hopin chi liu._ (Japanese, _Ka hin shi riu_). _See_ p. 199 note. GERMAN MARKS 25. Meissen. The rod of Æsculapius. 26. Meissen. Monogram of Augustus II., King of Poland. 27. Meissen. Crossed swords and letter (for painter or director). 28. Vienna. The shield of Austria. 29. Höchst. The wheel of the Mainz archbishops, surmounted by a cross. 30. Fürstenberg. The initial letter of the town. 31. Berlin. The sceptre carried by the Brandenburg elector as grand chamberlain of the empire. 32. Frankenthal. Crowned lion of the palatinate; the monogram J. A. H., probably for Joseph Adam Hannong. 33. Frankenthal. The monogram of Karl Theodor, surmounted by a crown. 34. Nymphenburg. Quarter of shield with arms of Bavaria. 35. Ludwigsburg. Arms of Würtemberg. Three stag horns. 36. Ludwigsburg. Monogram of Duke Charles, surmounted by ducal crown. 37. Fulda. Double F, for ‘Fürstliche Fuldaische.’ 38. Fulda. Cross from the arms of the prince bishop. 39. Herend. Below--the arms of Hungary. DUTCH, DANISH, SWEDISH, AND RUSSIAN MARKS 40. Weesp. Crossed swords and three dots. Similar mark used elsewhere. 41. Oude Loosdrecht. The ‘M:’ stands for manufactuur.’ 42. The Hague. The arms of the town. 43. Copenhagen. The wavy lines represent the ‘three Belts.’ 44. Sweden; Marieberg. The three crowns from the arms of Sweden. 45. Moscow. St. George surrounded by band, with inscription. Above, the Russian eagle. 46. St. Petersburg. Monogram of Catherine II. (Ekaterina). BELGIAN AND SWISS MARKS 47. Tournay. A tower, the arms of the town. 48. Tournay. Crossed swords and four crosses. 49. Zurich. German Z and two dots. 50. Nyon. A fish. FRENCH MARKS 51. Saint-Cloud. The sun, emblem of Louis XIV. 52. Saint-Cloud. Initials of town and of director of factory--Trou. 53. Chantilly. A hunter’s horn. 54. Mennecy. D. V., for the Duc de Villeroy. 55. Vincennes. The initials of Louis XV. crossed, without year-mark. 56. Vincennes. Initials of Louis XV.; year-mark for 1753, and decorator’s mark (H.).