Analogous to these effects, is the result of certain conditions of ill-health. A patient, laboring under fever or inflammation of any important organ, will scarcely rid himself of a wineglassful of blood-colored urine in the twenty-four hours; and there are many forms of ailments, where the function of separating the urine from the blood, or even the function of supplying the kidneys with that vital fluid, are suspended, partially or entirely. Few of us have escaped attacks of this kind; they are sure to follow long-pursued habits of dissipation, or even occasional displays of it; and they are often the result of accidents over which we have but little control. A patient will complain of a frequent desire to make water; each effort so to do, will be accompanied with excruciating pain. A small quantity, or a few drops only, will dribble away, excoriating the passage as though vinegar was passing over it, and putting on an appearance almost resembling muddy port wine, or a thick solution or suspension of brick dust: there will be present much fever and constitutional disturbance. The patient may have shivering fits, pain round the loins, down the thighs, and over the lower part of the abdomen. He will betray a readiness to submit to anything, although conscious that his bladder is empty, notwithstanding the violent and urgent efforts at straining, which he is continually being called upon to make, as though his bladder were distended, and ready to burst. On passing the catheter (I am supposing a severe case, where retention of urine has at last occurred), not a drop will flow, and the danger of the disease is thereby made apparent. Except very severe measures be adopted, which it would be idle here to lay down, the case is sure to terminate fatally. Instances are recorded, where that event has been retarded upward of a week, during which time the patient voided not one drop of urine. The absolute cause of the disease is very obscure; but it has a beginning, and to those only who suffer from a long-continued diminution in this natural excretion, and who disregard it, is this picture presented. The treatment, in advanced stages of the disease, is strictly professional; but the warning of the altered character of a customary evacuation, should not for a moment be disregarded.