resigned in favour of his nephew Manuel de Faria Severim as Canon in 1633 and Precentor in 1642. Living in ancient Evora when the memory of Resende was still fresh, this antiquary of the pale face and blue eyes, ‘store-house of all the treasures of the past’,[505] with his medals and statues and choice library of rare books, soon rivalled Resende’s fame. His most important works are _Discursos varios politicos_ (1624) containing four essays and the lives of Barros, Camões, and Couto, and _Noticias de Portugal_ (1655). A less attractive personality is that of MANUEL DE FARIA E SOUSA (1590-1649), born near Pombeiro (Minho), a most accomplished, industrious, but untrustworthy author who wrote mainly in Spanish. His _Epitome de las Historias Portuguesas_ was published in 1628 at Madrid, where he spent the greater part of his life, and where he died. He seems to have retained a real affection for his native country, but he was not a man of independent character and bestowed his flatteries as his interest required. After the Restoration of 1640 he stayed on at the Spanish Court, and there appears to be some doubt whether it was João IV, his nominal master, or Philip IV of Spain that he served best. His long historical works, _Europa Portuguesa_, _Asia Portuguesa_, _Africa Portuguesa_, appeared posthumously, between 1666 and 1681. He is most pleasant when he is not trying to ‘make’ history but is simply describing, as in his account of the various provinces of Portugal.[506] In his own not over-modest verdict in Part 4 of the same volume, _De las primazias deste Reyno_, he was _el primero que supo historiar con más acierto_. Faria e Sousa was enthusiastic but unscrupulous and he has been severely handled by the critics. With posterity he has fallen between two stools, since the Spanish are only moderately interested in his subject, Portugal, and the Portuguese consider him to belong to Spanish literature. FOOTNOTES: [436] Antonio Vieira, _Historia do Futuro_ (1718), p. 24: _esta historia era o silencio de todas as historias_. [437] _O primeiro Portugues que na nossa lingoa as [façanhas] resuscitei._ João de Barros, in his preface, makes a similar claim: _foi o primeiro_. [438] Cf. vi. 37, 38; vii. 77, 78; or vi. 100, where the ships bristling with the enemy’s arrows are likened to porcupines. [439] 1496, the generally accepted year of his birth, is the calculation of Severim de Faria, followed by Barbosa Machado, Nicolás Antonio, &c. As he retired at the end of 1567 it is difficult not to suspect (from his love of method and the decimal system) that he was born in 1497--the year of Vasco da Gama’s expedition. [440] 400,000 _réis_. He also obtained the privilege of trading with India free from all taxes so as to clear a profit of 1,600,000 _réis_. Innocencio da Silva adds ‘yearly’ to this sum, mentioned by Severim de Faria. In any case Barros’ complaints of his poverty seem misplaced.