In many types of burners having a nozzle similar to (15) a twisted form of rifling is placed in the bore that gives the escaping gas a rotary motion. This is very effective in mixing the air and oil vapor and spreads the flame very close to the orifice. In burners of the chamber type a spiral vane is sometimes used to gain the same effect, and in one make a rotating fan, is placed near the opening of the outer nozzle which gives a sudden whirl to the gases. While this latter attachment does all that is claimed for it while it is in good repair, it is very likely to stick and put the burner out of commission. The Lassoe-Lovelsin locomotive burner is shown by Fig. H in which the gas exits through a series of holes in the end of the nozzle (22). The steam enters the outside casing, and unlike the burners just described, entirely surrounds the central oil nozzle, (20). The steam in passing through the openings 21–22 draws the oil through the central opening (23), this oil nozzle being controlled by the needle valve (24) which terminates in the handle (25). Oil enters the oil nozzle through the inlet pipe (26). The Sheedy oil burner shown by Fig. I has a rectangular nozzle for a flat flame, and has no steam nozzle adjustment. Oil surrounds the steam nozzle and enters the casing through the upper connection. Air enters the lower port through the lower opening as shown in the cross-section of the burner. As the oil flows over the trough formed by the steam nozzle it meets the jet of steam at (30) and is atomized. The air from the lower port aids in bringing the combustion near the tip of the nozzle and therefore prevents carbon deposits from being formed in the burner as well as spreading the flame at a wide angle. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ UP-TO-DATE PRACTICAL HAND BOOKS Fine paper, profusely illustrated, silk cloth stiff covers, leather style limp, all titles in gold, size 5x8 inches. Cloth styles $1.00, leather $1.50. =Questions and Answers for Automobile Students and Mechanics.= By Thomas H. Russell, A. M. M. E. 600 Questions and Answers. =Automobile Troubles and How to Remedy Them.= By Charles P. Root, Ex-Editor of Motor Age. 250 pages. =Practical Hand Book of Gas, Oil and Steam Engines.= By John B. Rathbun, M. E. All styles engines, all fuels. 370 pages. =Automobile Driving Self Taught.= By Thomas H. Russell, A. M. M. E. 250 pages. =Automobile Motors and Mechanism.= By Thomas H. Russell, A. M. M. E. 280 pages. =Ignition, Timing and Valve Setting.= By Thomas H. Russell, A. M. M. E. 240 pages. =Gas Engine Troubles and Installation.= By John B. Rathbun, M. E. 440 pages. =Flying Machines: Construction and Operation.= By W. J. Jackman, M. E., and Thomas H. Russell, A. M. M. E. 256 pages. =A B C of the Motorcycle.= By W. J. Jackman, M. E. 256 pages. =Motor Boats: Construction and Operation.= By Thomas H. Russell, A. M. M. E. 288 pages.