6. =Heart.= Note more carefully its position, whether displaced to right or left, location of apex, borders, etc. Relative size compared to cadaver’s right fist, which is usually a little smaller than the heart. Weight and measurements:—(The heart should be weighed after it has been opened, and its cavities freed from blood and clots.) Average weight in adult male, about 300-350 grm. Average weight in adult female, about 250 grm. Normal limits, 200-350 grm. Weight of heart to body-weight in adult male, 1:169; in the female, 1:162. Circumference at base of ventricles 25.8 cm., length of ventricles 8-9 cm., breadth 8.5-10.5 cm., thickness 3-3.6 cm.; minimal measurements are for the female. Auricles are 5-6 cm. in length. Compare ventricles as to size. Note form (long, cylindrical, pyramidal, broad, short, round, etc.) In hypertrophy of the left ventricle the heart is longer and more cylindrical; in hypertrophy of the right it is broader and more rounded. Normally the apex is formed by the left ventricle, the sulcus longitudinalis running to the apex and nearly dividing the heart into halves. In hypertrophy of the right ventricle the apex is formed by this ventricle, the sulcus longitudinalis passing to the left of the apex; in hypertrophy of the left ventricle the longitudinal sulcus runs to the right of the apex. What part of the heart lies anteriorly? (Normally a large part of the right ventricle.) The consistence of the organ, particularly that of the ventricles, should be noted (firm, flabby, soft, etc.). Condition of the heart-chambers (empty, contracted, dilated, full). Rigor mortis should be removed by kneading or by the application of heat. The amount of subepicardial fat, its color, translucency, occurrence of serous atrophy, œdema, subepicardial hemorrhage, etc., are to be noted. In marasmus a serous or mucoid degeneration of the subepicardial fat is not uncommon. The subepicardial fat increases with age, and is normally most abundant along the grooves and blood-vessels, particularly the auriculoventricular grooves and on the right ventricle. Normally the color of the heart-muscle of the ventricles should be seen through the epicardium. The fat is increased in obesity, chronic alcoholism, chronic anæmia, tuberculosis, etc. When the fat-infiltration is so marked that the muscle cannot be seen the condition is known as adipositas or obesitas cordis, or in extreme cases as _lipoma cordis capsulare_.