11. =Cervical Lymphnodes.= Note _number_, _size_, _color_, _consistence_, _character of cut-surface_, etc. The most important pathologic conditions are: tuberculosis, secondary carcinoma, Hodgkin’s disease, lymphosarcoma (leukæmic and aleukæmic), various forms of inflammation, dermoid and epidermoid cysts, cystic lymphangioma (congenital cystic tumor of the neck), branchiogenic carcinoma, and hyperplasia in syphilis, rachitis and status lymphaticus. In acute inflammation the lymphnodes are red and soft; in chronic inflammation they are usually grayish-white and firm. 12. =Salivary Glands.= The _parotid_, _submaxillary_ and other _salivary glands_ are examined as to _size_, _color_, _consistence_ and _character of cut-surface_. The most important conditions are: parotitis (epidemic and secondary), chronic inflammation, calculi, cystic dilatation of ducts [ranula], Ludwig’s angina, salivary fistula, granulomata (tuberculosis, syphilis and actinomycosis), neoplasms (most common forms are the mixed tumors containing cartilage, fibrous connective-tissue and myxomatous tissue and cords or rows of cells regarded by some observers as endothelial, by others as epithelial; other less common tumors are adenoma, fibroma, carcinoma and sarcoma). Symmetrical enlargement of the salivary and lachrymal glands occurs as the result of aleukæmic or leukæmic lymphocytoma (“Mikulicz’s disease”). 13. =Cervical Vessels and Nerves.= Examine the arteries and veins, noting contents, thickness and character of walls, size of lumen, changes in the intima, sclerosis, atheroma, calcification, thrombosis, embolism, etc. In death from strangulation or hanging the intima of the carotids may be torn. The _aorta_ is usually examined after the section of the neck-organs. Note size of lumen. In the adult it usually admits the index-finger or thumb. The circumference of the thoracic aorta is 4.5-6 cm.; that of the abdominal aorta is 3.5-4.5 cm. Note its elasticity, contents, thickness of wall, changes in intima, etc. Fatty degeneration of the intima, sclerosis, atheromatous plaques and ulcers, calcification and thrombosis are the most common conditions. Syphilis is a very common cause of mesaortitis, shown by linear or radiating depressions of the intima. The _carotid gland_ (paraganglion intercaroticum) at or near the division of the carotids should be noted. It is about the size of a rice-grain, oval, vascular and of firm consistence, resembling very much the superior cervical ganglion. Alveolar tumors apparently primary in this gland have been observed by a number of writers. Its epithelial nature is denied by some observers who class it with the sympathetic system. The _nerves_ and _ganglia_ should be examined and any change from the normal noted, such as atrophy, effects of pressure, involvement in scar-tissue, hæmorrhage, inflammatory processes, neoplasms, etc.