The =liver= may be examined in the body without removal. The left hand is put between the diaphragm and the convex surface of the right lobe of the organ, and the liver raised up out of the cavity. With the long section-knife a main incision is made deep into the organ, from left to right, about a hand’s-breadth above the lower border. Parallel incisions to the main incision may be made. After the examination of the cut surface the organ is dropped back into the abdomen. When the liver is to be weighed and measured it is removed from the body by cutting first the ligamentum hepatoduodenale, examining, as they are cut, the _common duct_, _hepatic artery_ and the _portal vein_. The left lobe of the liver is then taken in the left hand and raised as high as possible. The left triangular ligament, the left half of the coronary ligament, the suspensory ligament, the right half of the coronary ligament and the right triangular ligament are cut from left to right. The inferior vena cava is cut at the same time. In the case of adhesions between liver and diaphragm these must be cut or the diaphragm itself removed in connection with the liver. In such a case the diaphragm must be trimmed off before the liver is weighed. The liver may also be removed in the opposite direction, raising up the right lobe and severing all connections as far as the median line of the spinal column. The right lobe is then pulled upon the right edge of the thorax-wall, and the connections with the left lobe are severed. In separating the under surface of the right lobe care must be taken not to damage the right adrenal. The liver is then weighed and measured, and placed upon the board with the right lobe toward the prosector. A long, deep cut is then made by drawing the long-section-knife across the left and right lobes, extending the cut through to the porta. Additional cuts may be made parallel to this chief-incision. When occasion demands a number of sagittal incisions may be made instead. As mentioned above, it is often best to remove the liver with stomach, pancreas and duodenum and examine on the table. The =gall-bladder= is opened from its fundus with the fine probe-pointed shears; its contents are caught in a vessel and examined. The cystic, hepatic and common ducts may be explored from the gall-bladder, if they have not been from the intestine. The gall-bladder may be dissected from the liver and removed in connection with the duodenum. The =portal vein= is opened into its radicles; the examination of the splenic vein is of especial importance. The =portal lymphnodes= are examined at this time. The =mesentery= and the =mesenteric lymphnodes= are now examined. The former may be cut off at its root and examined outside of the body. The lymphnodes may be opened by longitudinal or transverse incisions.