2. =Female Pelvis.= The contents of the pelvis and the external
genitalia are removed from the female cadaver in the same way as in
the male. The anterior wall of the bladder is first freed from the
pubis and the tissues separated around and behind the rectum so
that the hand can be carried around the vagina and rectum. When the
external genitalia are to be removed with the internal organs, an
encircling incision is made on both sides of the external genitals,
beginning above at the termination of the main incision at the
beginning of the anterior commissure, and meeting behind the anus.
The external genitals are then dissected away from the arch of the
pubis until the knife can be passed up beneath the symphysis and the
attachments to the posterior border of the arch cut on both sides,
so that the vulva can be pulled up beneath the pelvic arch, putting
the perineum on the stretch. The posterior portion of the encircling
incision is then deepened until the entire mass of external genitals
and anus can be stripped up with the internal organs to the brim of
the pelvis, where they are held up perpendicularly and any remaining
attachments of peritoneum and blood-vessels cut, care being taken to
cut outside of the ovaries and tubes. The mass thus removed is laid
on the board with _rectum_ uppermost and the latter opened first.
The organs are then turned over, and the _urethra_ and _bladder_
opened in the anterior median line with the probe-pointed shears. The
_vagina_ and _uterus_ are then opened in the anterior median line,
bisecting the urethra and bladder. A heavy pair of shears having one
blunt-pointed blade should be used. If it is desired to save the
bladder and urethra, they can be dissected over to the right, or the
vaginal wall can be cut on its left side. When the cervical canal
will not admit the scissors the _uterus_ may be cut in the median
line with a knife. The horns may then be opened with the scissors.
Additional cuts may be made into the uterine wall as desired (tumors,
placental site, etc.). The _tubes_ may be sounded from the abdominal
extremity and then opened for their entire length with the fine
probe-pointed shears, or they may be examined by means of transverse
cuts. The _ovaries_ are held with their flat surfaces between
thumb and index-finger and then sectioned in the plane of greatest
dimension from the convex border to the hilus. The _broad ligaments_,
_parametrium_, _parovarium_ and _lymphnodes_ are examined by means of
cuts made parallel with the sides of the uterus.
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