As has been stated above, every autopsy should be conducted as if it
were a medicolegal case, and autopsy-protocols should be so complete
and accurate that they may be accepted as evidence in any case in
which such testimony can be introduced. While the ordinary autopsy
may give satisfactory evidence as to the nature of the pathologic
processes found and the cause of death, the scope of a medicolegal
autopsy includes not only the cause and manner of death, but also the
identification of the body, the determination of the commission of a
crime, the manner in which the crime was performed, its motive and
the detection of the criminal. Under such conditions the prosector
must extend the field of his observations and conclusions to meet
the possibilities of the witness-stand. The general technique of the
medicolegal autopsy will vary but little from that of the ordinary,
and these variations will be given here, as follows:—
The medicolegal autopsy should always be performed in the presence
of two witnesses, one of whom should be a physician competent to
judge of the methods employed in the autopsy. The autopsy findings
should be dictated during the progress of the autopsy, and at
its close should be verified and signed in the presence of the
witnesses. No other spectators should be permitted in the room.
The examination should be made by daylight, and not until positive
signs of death appear. If the cadaver has been frozen it must
first be allowed to thaw out at room-temperature. The prosector
should, if possible, see and examine the body before it is removed
from the place where it is found, and he should carefully examine
the surroundings, clothes and external surface of the body for
possible clues. All known information concerning the circumstances
of the case, the personal history of the deceased, the occurrence
of any injury, previous illness, etc., should be in the hands of
the prosector. Undertaker’s manipulations, such as the injection
of embalming fluids, puncture of intestines, aspiration of
fluid-contents, etc., must not be permitted before the autopsy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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