=Alcohol.= In concentrated solutions coagulates albumin and has a corrosive action on mucous membranes. The ingestion of large amounts causes asphyxia, gastro-enteritis, cloudy swelling of ganglion cells of brain, and parenchymatous degeneration of kidney and liver. Lungs, liver, brain and stomach may give an alcoholic odor. In chronic alcoholism there may be chronic atrophic or hypertrophic gastritis, atrophic cirrhosis, sclerosis of arteries, miliary aneurisms of pial vessels, fatty degeneration of heart and liver, and “hog-back kidney.” =Alkalies.= Mucosa of mouth and œsophagus swollen and red, with desquamation of epithelium; mucosa of stomach swollen, dark brown and ecchymotic, with diphtheritic patches; croupous bronchitis may result from aspiration of caustic soda or potash, and bronchopneumonia from inhalation of ammonia. Stricture of the œsophagus, due to contraction of scar-tissue, may occur when the patient survives the immediate effects of the poison. =Antimony.= In acute cases the mucosa of mouth, œsophagus and stomach is inflamed, with erosions and ulcerations; in chronic cases there is marked emaciation. =Arsenic.= Mucosa of stomach œdematous, hyperæmic and ecchymotic; over the hæmorrhages there may be grayish-white sloughs or erosions. In these there may be found granules or crystals of the poison. The glands of the mucosa show cloudy swelling and fatty degeneration. Yellow sulphide of arsenic may be seen on the gastric mucosa. The small intestine is filled with a rice-water-like fluid, as in cholera, and the mucosa is congested, swollen and hæmorrhagic; the lymphoid tissue may be swollen. There is slight icterus, cloudy swelling of all organs and ecchymoses in pericardium and pleura. In chronic poisoning with dilute solutions characteristic gastro-intestinal changes are wanting. In cases of suspected arsenic poisoning it is important to take portions of all organs and tissues for chemical examination. =Atropine.= Death from asphyxia, resembles heat-exhaustion. =Chloral-hydrate.= Hyperæmia of lungs, brain and cord. Examine urine. =Chloroform.= Fatty degeneration of liver and heart. In delayed poisoning the liver shows picture of acute yellow atrophy, with marked icterus, widespread ecchymoses, cloudy swelling of kidneys and fatty degeneration of heart. Lungs, brain and liver may or may not give odor of chloroform. =Ergot.= Sclerosis and contraction of arteries; gangrene of endometrium; in chronic cases sclerosis of the posterior columns of the cord. =Formalin.= Corrosive action on mucosa of stomach; formic-acid in urine. =Hydrocyanic Acid and Potassium Cyanide.= The mucosa of stomach is deep red, swollen, softened and sometimes translucent; soapy to the touch; odor of bitter almonds or ammonia; blood is fluid, dark or light cherry-red; red hypostasis.