=Asphyxia.= Death due to lack of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide, produced by interference with respiration, choking, drowning, hanging, paralysis of muscles of respiration, intoxication, etc. When respiration is suddenly checked ecchymoses are usually found in the pericardium, pleura, meninges, thymus, and rarely in peritoneum. Lips, skin of face and neck, and finger-nails may be deeply cyanotic; the blood is dark and fluid; passive congestion of lung is usually present. In death caused by hanging or strangling there may be fracture of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage or tracheal rings, marks upon the skin, hæmorrhage, laceration of the intima of the arteries, fracture or dislocation of the cervical vertebræ and injury to the cord. In death from drowning the bronchi, lungs and stomach may contain fluid, there is watery fluid in the pleural cavities, maceration of skin, greater water-content in blood of right heart than of left, with consequent raising of freezing point. =Infanticide.= The points to be considered in determining the age and viability of the child are given in Chapter XIII. The most important causes of death in the new-born are also given in the same chapter. =Electric Shock.= Burns of skin, “lightning figures,” signs of asphyxia, laceration of internal organs. =Burns and Scalds.= Extent of burn more important than depth of the burn; death usually ensues if one-third of the surface is burned. Burns show scorching, singeing or marks of the hot object; scalds usually show some action of the hot fluid on the skin or mucous membranes. Demonstration of carbon-monoxide in blood of internal organs proves the inhalation of carbon monoxide. When exposed to intense heat the soft parts of the body show marked shrinking. =Heat or Cold.= No characteristic lesions in death from these causes. Diagnosis must be made by exclusion and history of case. =Starvation.= Marked disappearance of fat and atrophy of all organs, stomach and small intestines empty, marked emaciation, blood anæmic, concentrated when subject was deprived of water.